Initial Observation of BWGED on Matarbari Coal Power Plant


Matarbari is a small offshore island under Cox's Bazar District of Chittagong Division of Bangladesh. The island is surrounded by Kutubdia Channel, Bay of Bengal and Kohelia River. The Matarbari island is divided into two administrative units of local government namely Dhalghata Union and Matarbari Union. The total population of the island is 57,814 and average density per sq. km. is 1,991 but the scenario of Dhalghata is quite tough with a density of 6,471 per sq. km. (BBS, 2014). Major occupation of the people are salt cultivation, agriculture, shrimp culture and fishing from the Bay of Bengal. Total land area of Matarbari Island is 29.03 sq. km. (7,176 acres). Out of the total area Dhalghata has only 494 acres of land while Matarbari has 6,682 acres.

A state owned company named Coal Power Generation Company Bangladesh Limited (CPGCBL) signed an agreement with Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) to finance for a 600X2 Megawatt Ultra Super Critical (USC) Coal-fired Power Plant in Matarbari Islands, Maheshkhali Upazila, Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. Total Budget of the Coal Power Plant is USD 3.2 Billon where JICA is providing USD 2.239 Billion and USD 0.81 Billion is contributed by Bangladesh Government. Three Japanese company - Sumitomo Corporation, Toshiba Corporation and IHI Corporation have got the contract of constructing power plant while Penta-Ocean Construction Ltd., Japan achieved the contract of preparatory construction work earlier.

A Japanese consulting farm TEPSCO with cooperation of JICA Study Team conducted the Environmental Impact Assessment of Matarbari Coal Power Plant and submitted their report to Department of Environment (DOE) in June 2013, only 5 days after the approval of ‘Terms of Reference (TOR) circulated by DOE. After evaluation of EIA Report and a number of visits to the area the Bangladesh Working Group on External Debt (BWGED) is expressing its concerns as a initial observation.

Initial Observations
----------------------------------------------------------------
Violation of Paris Agreement: As one of the Annex-1 Countries under United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Japan is ethically and legally bounded to reduce global, we mean global, carbon emission. Only this coal power plant will emit 35,900 tonnes of Sulfur-Di-Oxide and 7,560,000 tonnes of Carbon-Di-Oxide including other destructive gases in the atmosphere every year. So, this power plant is completely contrary with the pledges of Japan in Paris Agreement and other instruments of United Nations.

Artificial Water Logging: At least 10 thousand inhabitants of the island has been suffering from artificial water logging for more around 2 months (since 5 June 2018) after two days of heavy rain because the coal power authority closed 8 sluice gates among 10 and other 2 have been closed by existing shrimp farm owners. The power plant also blocked natural water channel of Rangakhali Khal. In a discussion with Japan Centre for Sustainable Environment and Society(JACSES), the financing agency, JICA, denied to take any responsibility for this water logging saying that the water logging is a regular phenomenon of Matarbari Island. But the EIA report didn't mention any past evidence of water logging in the area. The people are living in totally inhumane situation while the responsible agencies are playing dirty game of avoidance.

Displacement: Due to land acquisition for only Matarbari Coal Power Plant (CPGCBL-JICA) around 20,000 people have been displaced from their home and occupation. Number of displaced families from own home is quite lower (# 94) because the government took mostly agricultural land and shrimp farms for the project. As a result, sharecroppers, salt farmers, crab farmers, agricultural labours and fishermen are displaced brutally from the area. Total number of occupationally displaced people are 20,534 in which salt farmer 9,929, shrimp farmer and worker 7,290, crab farmer 375 and fishermen 2,940 (Azad, 2018).

Inadequate Compensation: The Acquisition and Requisition of Immovable Property Ordinance (1982) of the Government of Bangladesh does not mention any compensation for direct and indirect dependent individuals of land except the land owners. As a result, those that are dependent on land but are non-title holders are not legally recognized to receive compensation, which is contrary to the principles of international acquisition policies and rules.

Faulty Assessment of Compensation: Determining compensation according to the average selling price of previous 12 months has led to land owners getting less compensation from the actual market price of the land. Usually, people record lower than actual price while buying land in official documents to pay smaller registration fees and taxes. While considering this average price as compensation, the amount becomes lower than the actual market price. A comparison of compensation and market price is given bellow:
  • Dhalghata Union (Per 40 Decimal): Salt/Shrimp Farm: Compensation BDT 250 thousand: Market price BDT 500 - 600 thousand. Agriculture Land: Compensation BDT 350 thousand: Market price BDT 1.2 million. Households: Compensation BDT 3.3 million: Market Price BDT 5.0 million
  • Matarbari Union (Per 40 Decimal): Salt/Shrimp Farm: Compensation BDT 450 thousand: Market price BDT BDT 500 - 600 thousand. Agriculture Land: Compensation BDT 1.0 million: Market price 1.2 million. Households: Compensation BDT 3.3 million: Market Price BDT 5.0 million
Time Consuming Process of Compensating: The lands were taken from local people for power plants in 2013 while they were paid in 2016 only after formulation of the Resettlement Action Plan. The affected people were living in rented house for three years. But the project authorities didn't pay any compensation for this three years. Besides, the project-affected people have to face many complexities to collect necessary information/ documents in order to prepare compensation file for withdrawal of compensation. In addition, due to different types of irregularities in compensation process, they did not get their compensation in due time.

Absence of Rehabilitation: No rehabilitation plan has been implemented till now although the people was displaced four years earlier.

Faulty Public Consultation: There were terms and conditions for local and national level public consultation for the Matarbari project in the site clearance letter, but there is no mention about national public consultation in the EIA report. Public opinion-taking process at the local level was also faulty. Two stakeholder meetings mentioned in the EIA were not held in the project area. The minutes of the meeting attached in the EIA report did not incorporate views of all participants. In these stakeholder meetings, the respective authority did not display information about the project, especially about the negative impacts of the project.

Public Participation Denied: There were a very few people were invited and attended the consultation meetings. Even who were participated claimed that their comments were not written in meeting minutes which were attached with the report. In addition, powerful political party leaders and administration had threatened to file cases and take legal actions against those who opposed the power plant.

Violation of Procedures: The EIA report was submitted for approval to the DOE only 5 days after the approval of ‘Terms of Reference (TOR) circulated by DOE. Similarly, the first stakeholder meeting for Matarbari EIA was held before the approval of TOR. According to the local people, it was pre-decided that the power project would be established in the places and rest of the procedures were mere formality. Land acquisition was completed and handed over to the implementing agencies by evicting land and shrimp farm owners without giving prior notice as required under section 6 and 7 of the Land Acquisition Act 1982.

Faulty Labor and Influx Management: The EIA report assured maximum employment in the power plant for the local people. It is already proved that employment facilities in coal-fired power plant are only available for the technically equipped persons. For this reason, the power plant will not be able to provide employment for a large number of unemployed people who lost their employment due to land acquisition. Even one of the affected people has not been provided employment opportunities till the date except a few number of daily labors in construction work (Cox's Bazar News, 2018).

Conflict of Interest: The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Report of Matarbari Coal Power Plant had been conducted by a Japanese company named TEPSCO with cooperation of JICA Study Team. There are high possibilities of Conflict of Interest in the process of EIA. As JICA Study Team worked directly with TEPSCO with due credit in the report, it is highly possible that the report is biased in favour of JICA.

Violation of Law by Approving the EIA: Matarbari is an island in the Bay of Bengal and highly populated area (6,667 per km2). According to the Environmental Conservation Act 1995 (amendment 2010) and EIA Guideline for Industries 1997, any industry under Red Category is totally prohibited in the populated or human settlement area. Besides there were a good number of mangrove species at seashores of Matarbari which are under Forest Department. But the Department of Environment (DOE) did not seek any opinion from the Forest Department in approving site clearance of this project.

Ignored Natural Canals: There are a number of canals and creeks in the Matarbari and Dhalghata Union. But the EIA Report doesn't mention any water channels in the islands.

Long Term Industrial Plan in Matarbari Islands: JICA (15 January 2017)
Economic Interest Superseded Environment and Human Sufferings: Two locations (Hoyanok and Matarbari) were selected in the Preliminary Study for Matarbari Coal Power Project. Socioeconomic and Environmental impact in Hoyanok was lower than Matarbari-Dhalghata area. But Matarbari was finally selected considering technical and economic conveniences. According to the local people, more importance was given to costs and benefits of the project during site selection than the environmental or socioeconomic risks. Contrarily, Bangladesh National Conservation Strategy (2016 - 2031) stated that "the strong tidal and wave force of marine waters as well as the force of seasonal trade-wind along the coast also offer huge potential for renewable energy generation (Shamsuddoha and Islam, 2016).

Pollution of Ash: According to the EIA report of Matarbari Coal Power Plant, 20% ash will be generated after burning coal. To preserve this ash, a pond across 183 acres land area is supposed to be dug. According to local people, if not appropriately controlled, flying ash will create a disaster in the surrounding area. Besides the ash pond in the cyclone and flood prone area will pollute soil and ground water by mixing up with rain water and spreading beyond the plant area.

Ecologically Critical Area: The project is situated within 14 km north from Sonadia Island which is an Ecologically critical area (ECA) which is also a vital route of migratory birds from Northern and central Asia to Southeast Asia.

No Information Disclosure: Although it is a public project there are no information available on project implementation, budget, evaluation process, Even the project profile has not been disclosed in public domain both from the JICA or Bangladesh Government's part.


Recent Movements of Local People
----------------------------------------------------------------
23 November 2017: Demonstration with shroud dress in protest of eviction from home without compensation
22 January 2018: Human Chain demanding resettlement with dignity
16 March 2018: Submission of memorandum to the Prime Minister with appeal to select actual land owners for compensation
28 March 2018: Local Union Parishad Chairman (elected representative of local government) appealed to different departments for adequate compensation and resettlement of the people under his territory
5 April 2018: Procession against corruption in distribution of compensation
12 April 2018: Human Chain demanding adequate compensation
15 April 2018: Submission of Memorandum to DC  Office demanding compensation for actual owner of the lands
12 July 2018: Protest against corruption in distribution of compensation
15 July 2018: Common people met Upazila Nirbahi Officer (UNO)  of Maheshkhali and demanded adequate compensation for their lands and livelihoods which they lost.


Demands of BWGED
----------------------------------------------------------------
  • To limit the global warming at 1.5 degree Celsius in the line of Paris Agreement, Japan must stop this coal power plant and all future plants in Bangladesh.
  • Immediate distribution of compensation for the affected peoples for their sufferings, loss of livelihoods and occupational displacement.
  • Immediately open the natural water channels and sluice gates so that the people can recover their normal life after removal of water stagnant. 

Contributor
----------------------------------------------------------------
Hasan Mehedi
Focal Point, Bangladesh Working Group on External Debt (BWGED)
7 August 2018

People Trapped in Water Logging by JICA Funded Coal Power Plant


Around 10,000 people have been trapped by artificial water logging created by JICA funded Matarbari Coal Power Plant. Due to construction of infrastructures by construction companies without considering natural water channels, the streams, canals and creeks were blocked and drainage system has been broken. After heavy downpour of July 5 and 6 this year, the water logging took serious character.

According to the reports, the excavation of two coal power plants have been blocking all 10 sluice gates and natural drainage systems in Matarbari Union, which has further exacerbated the situation. The Matarbari Coal Power Plant situated on the Rangakhali Khal, which is a natural channel of drainage system of Matarbari and Dhalghata Islands. During construction works the contractors filled up the canal by land filling works. So the only drainage channel become congested and people fell in inhumane situation.

Locals have removed a part of the embankment on 10th July 2018 for the water to begin receding. However, local authorities of the power plant project and a few shrimp farm owners blocked the embankment again, causing the water to remain stagnant.

After the water logging, the affected community people appealed to the local government (Union Parishad) but they have no resource to support the communities. Therefore, the UP appealed to Upazila level for emergency response, Bangladesh Water Development Board (BWDB) for immediate reconstruction of damaged embankments, CPGCBL for compensation to recover the damage. But supports are yet to come. Contrarily, JICA replied that they are responsible for this water logging because there were earlier evidence of water logging in the area. But there are no historical record of water logging in Matarbari-Dhalghata area. Even nothing mentioned in the EIA Report or any other assessments which can prove that the earlier water logging cases are true.

Japan based Sumitomo Corporation, Toshiba Corporation and IHI Corporation got the EPC (Engineering Procurement and Construction) contract from Coal Power Generation Company Bangladesh Ltd. (CPGCBL) on 27th July 2017 and started construction of power plant on 28 January 2018. A number of newspapers reported on 26 June that the embankment (which is also used as local road) is in risk of breaching and the area can be flooded by sea water at any time (The Daily Inani, 2018). But none of the contractor, executing agencies or financier took it seriously.

The JICA Authority also told that they started working only in 2018 which is not true because Penta-Ocean Construction Limited won the contract from CPGCBL and started working no later than 2 September 2018 (Nikkei Asian Review, 2017). Local people complained that the company started land filing since May 2017 when they even didn't get any contract from project authorities. People's complain is valid because Penta-Ocean got approval in principle in early 2016 (JICA, 2016a). Penta-Ocean's local franchise Azam Enterprise also proves that they started working in September 2017.

Affected Communities
--------------------------------------------
All the roads of Matarbari and Dhalghata Union has been submerged under saline water. So, mobility, even in emergency has been collapsed in the communities. Thousands of community people lost their jobs as the agricultural lands are submerged. These farmers will not be able to grow crops for next few years due to excessive salinity which has been sucked by the soil during the water logging. Agricultural labors and farmers are in serious situation now.

 

Damage in Brief 
-------------------------------------------- 
Villages: 5 Villages (Bandi Shikdar Para, Pashchim Shikdar Para, Purba Shikdar Para, Razghat, Sairer Deil)
Households: 2,000 Households (Approx.)
Population: 10,500 (Approx.)
Death Toll: 3 Persons
Latrines: 850 Latrines
Tube well: 65 Tube wells (out of (40 in Dhalghata and 150 in Matarbari Union) (UDMCM, 2014)
Shop: 6 Shops
Markets: 2 Markets among 3 (Fakira Haat, Mogedeil Bazar Haat and Natun Bazar Haat in Matarbari Union)
Agricultural Land: 70 Acres (with cultivated vegetables and paddy)
Shrimp Farms: 100 Acres
Schools: 2 Primary Schools
Roads: 31 Kilometers
Ponds: 17 (with cultivated fishes)

Recent Updates
-------------------------------------------- 
  • Meanwhile a number of International and National NGOs started working on humanitarian response. Actionaid Bangladesh with its local partners and Start Fund supported around 1,000 affected people with food and non-food items including cash. 
  • Local Disaster Management Committees conducted a damage assessment and submitted to the Government for emergency support. 
  • Upazila administration initiated to cut an alternative outlet to reduce water logging

Emergency Needs
-------------------------------------------- 
  • A campaign to create pressure on the funding and executing agencies for emergency humanitarian response and redesign the project to avoid blocking water channels;
    Shaming Japan internationally for financing in coal as one of the Annex-1 Countries which is ethically and legally bounded to reduce carbon emission drastically.
  • Emergency humanitarian support from different corners to recover normal life of the affected communities.

Contributor
--------------------------------------------
Hasan Mehedi
Focal Point, Bangladesh Working Group on External Debt (BWGED)
28 August 2018

International Coalition for Green Development on the Belt and Road (ICGDBR)

The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) or UN Environment started a process to develop International Coalition for Green Development on the Belt and Road (ICGDBR) in response of Belt and Road (B&R) or One Belt, One Road (OBOR) initiative of China after a subcommittee meeting and signed Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) between UNEP and Chinese Government. The UN Environment has already undertaken a Green Belt and Road Strategy for the period of 2018-2020.

Now the UNEP has invited 41 countries (Ministry of Environment or Equivalent), 8 International Agencies, 7 Chinese Ministries, 29 Chinese Academies & Research Institutions, 18 Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), 47 Business & Industries and 8 Financial Institutions to join the coalition. The list of invitees are as follows:

Ministries of Environment or Equivalent
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
41 Countries: Austria, Belarus, Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Ethiopia, Finland, France, Germany, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kenya, Kyrgyzstan, Laos, Malaysia, Mongolia, Montenegro, Myanmar, The Netherlands, New Zealand, The Kingdom of Norway, Pakistan, The Philippines, Romania, Russian Federation, The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Singapore, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Switzerland, Tajikistan, Thailand, Turkey, Uganda, United Arab Emirates (UAE), United Kingdom (UK), Uzbekistan and Vietnam

[Strategically important neighbors of China like Bangladesh, India, Nepal, North Korea, South Korea is excluded from the invitation list]

Ministries from China
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
7 Chinese Ministries: International Development Cooperation Agency (IDCA), Ministry of Commerce (MOC), Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA), Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MOIIT), Ministry of Natural Resources (MONR), Ministry of Transport (MOT) and National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC)

International Organizations
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
8 International Organizations: Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization (GEIDCO), Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), United Nations Development Program (UNDP), United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE), United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Nuclear Energy Agency of OECD (NEA-OECD): 

Academy & Research Institute
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
29 Chinese Institutions: Beijing Normal University (BNU), The Charhar Institute (TCI), China Academy of Urban Planning and Design (CAUPD under MOHURD, China), China-ASEAN Environmental Cooperation Center (CAEC under MEE, China), China Information Safety Academy (CISA), China Institutes of Contemporary International Relations (CICIR), China International Technology Transfer Center (CITT), Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning (CAEP under MEE, China), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS), Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES under MEE, China), Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies (CIFS), Development Research Center of the State Council of China (DRCSCC), Energy Research Institute (ERI under MEE, China), Foreign Economic Cooperation Office (FECO under MEE, China), Jilin University (JLU), Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences (NIES under MEE, China), Nanjing University (NJU), National Development Research Center, China (NDRC), National Geomatics Center of China (NGCC), Peking University (PKU), Renmin University (RMU), Shanghai Institutes for International Studies (SIIS), South China Institute of Environmental Sciences (SCIES under MEE, China), Tongji University (TJU), Transport Planning and Research Institute (TPRI under MOT, China), Tsinghua University (TGU), University of International Business and Economics (UIBE), World Resources Institute (WRI)

Civil Society Organizations
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
18 Civil Society Organizations: ASEAN Centre for Biodiversity (ACB), Bloomberg Foundation (BF), China Banking Association (CBA), China Business Council for Sustainable Development (CBCSD), China Ecological Civilization Research and Promotion Association (CECRPA), China Environment Chamber of Commerce (CECC) of All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC), Energy Foundation (EF), Environmental Defense Fund (EDF), International Institute for Sustainable Development (IISD), Qiaonyu Foundation (QF), Rockefeller Brothers Fund (RBF), Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), SEE Conservation (SEE), Shenzhen Mangrove Wetlands Conservation Foundation (MCF), Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI), Wetlands International (WI), World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD), World Wildlife Fund (WWF)

Business & Industries
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
47 Companies: Alibaba, Beijing SDL Technology (BST), The Belt and Road Environmental Technology Exchange and Transfer Center (BRETET - Shenzhen), Bossco, Broad Air Group (BAG), BYD, Canvest Environmental Protection Group (CEPG), China Aerospace Science and Industry Corporation (CASIC), China-ASEAN Demonstration Base for Environmental Technology and Industry Cooperation (CADBETIC - Yixing), China-ASEAN Demonstration Base for Environmental Technology and Industry Cooperation (CADBETIC - Wuzhou), China Baowu Steel Group Corporation (CBSGC), China Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Group (CECEPG), China Everbright International Limited (CEIL), China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC), China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), China Railway Construction Corporation (CRCC), China Resources, China Xinxing Group (CXG), Dahua Technology, Delta Aluminum, Dongguan Water Investment Group (DWIG), Elion Group, Esquel Group of Companies (EGC), Feili Group, Guangzhou Goaland Energy Conservation Tech (GGECT), Huawei, Hubei Carbon Exchange Center (HCE), Hunan Yonker Environmental Protection (HYEP), IER Environmental Protection and Engineering Technology Company (IEPETC), iSoftStone, JdCom, Poten Enviro, Shenlian Environmental Protection Group (SEPG), Shenzhen Energy, Shenzhen Institute of Building Research (SIBR), Sinopec, Sound Group, State Grid Corporation of China (SGCC), SunEee, Tsinghua Tongfang, Twenty-First Century Science and Technology Development Company (TCSTDC), Unis, Wal-Mart, Xu Wei New District (CECW), Yingshi Technology, Yunnan Water Investment Company (YWIC), Zhongguancun Demonstrative Park on Environmental Technology (ZDPET) 

Bank & Financial Institution
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
8 Financial Institutions: Ant Financial Services Group (AFSG), Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), China Development Bank (CDB), The Export Import Bank of China (Exim Bank, China), Industrial Bank Company Limited (IBCL), Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC), People's Bank of China (PBC), Silkroad Foundation

ADB in Bangladesh: More Than Four Decades of Pillage & Devastation

Hasan Mehedi
(Published earlier on www.cadtm.org)
---------------------------------------------
The ADB was established in 1966 at the initiative of UN’s Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific (ESCAP). Two years after the great liberation war of 1971, it started working in Bangladesh.

Since then (till 2016) Asian Development Bank (ADB) has contracted 259 loans, 411 technical assistance programmes and 45 grant based projects. It has invested around 1459 billion takas (BDT) equivalent to 18.230 billion US$. 94% of the investments are loans. ADB has 67 member countries including Bangladesh of which 19 are from outside the Asia-Pacific region. With 1.12% of vote share Bangladesh stands at the 20th position in ADB’s power hierarchy. On the other hand, the EU has a vote share of 15.72%, Japan 12.84%, US 12.75%, China 5.48 % & India 5.39%. The top five nations, according to vote share control 52.18% of ADB’s shares. Which implies that the other 62 countries, even unitedly, have no capacity to impact on the ADB’s decisions.

International Financial Organisations Order, 1972 of Bangladesh stipulates that the Government of Bangladesh or any other contracting agency would not be able to sue the International Financial Institutions viz. World Bank, IMF, etc. However, a special privilege was granted to the ADB. The Asian Development Bank Order, 1973 (President’s Order No. 3 of 1973), as granted blanket immunity to this institution. Under this act, no citizen can file a case against the devastating projects, initiatives, programme or activities of the ADB or any of its employees or the management. Whereas the other International Financial Institutions operating in Bangladesh viz. the World Bank and its affiliates, IMF, Islamic Development Bank (IDB), International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD), AIIB or any other IFIs do not enjoy this special immunity. The ADB is specially privileged compared to the other IFIs.

The ADB has always promoted polluting, devastating and privatisation projects in Bangladesh. This is clear from its investment trends. Till date it has mostly invested in two sectors - energy and power (BDT 333.6 billion US$ 4.09 billion, 22.9%). The other priority sectors are: transport (BDT 324.8 billion US$ 3.98 billion, 22.3%), agriculture, natural resources and community development (BDT 185.6 billion US$ 2.28 billion, 12.8%) and education (BDT 182.4 billion US$ 2.24 billion, 12.5%). On the other hand it has scantly invested in: industrialisation (BDT 41.28 billion US$ 510 million, 2.8%) and health (BDT 22.48 billion US$ 280 million, 1.5%).

The ADB policies have weakened the public sector, promoted liberal markets & the private sector and created markets for the investing countries. The ADB and other IFIs since 1980s have advocated the retrenchment of public sector workers and the reduction of public services under the guise of Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAP). As a result, a large number of public sector industries closed down and essential services by the state was withdrawn. With the Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation (BADC) being defunct, small and marginal farmers are forced to totally depend on the MNCs and their local agents for seeds. The use of high-yielding and sterile seeds were introduced and expanded which resulted in farmer’s loss of ownership over seeds. In order to ensure the supply of essential commodities and to keep the market under control the Bangladesh government had earlier implemented the rationing system and established the Trading Corporation of Bangladesh (TCB). While these were made redundant, private enterprises started playing a major role resulting in sudden price rise of essential commodities. It heavily impacted the lower middle class and the poorer sections of the society. While the poor lost everything, the rich continued to be richer earning unregulated profits.

The ADB advised energy and power sector reforms since 1980s under the guise of ‘decentralisation’ paving way for the entry of private players in this sector - both in production & distribution - in the financial year 1997-98. The private sector is heavily subsidised by the government since their entry to this sector while the prices of electricity have steadily increased. Slowly but steadily people’s expenditure on energy and electricity has increased and the private companies have increased their profits and have repatriated overseas a part of it. The ADB has financially assisted the foreign companies to enter into the Bangladesh energy sector and has weakened public policies of the country to facilitate the entry of these companies. For example, the ADB funded Asia Energy Corporation a subsidiary of GCM Resources Plc. to implement the Phoolbari coal mining project. This endangered the environment and the lives & livelihood of the local population. A massive struggle emerged against the project resulting in police atrocities forcing the company to beat a retreat. However, the company has not given up its plans for open cast mining projects.

Under the pretext of lending assistances to ensure a healthy balance of trade, the ADB and the World Bank started lending for prawn cultivation in the brackish waters. As this was heavily subsidised, huge agricultural areas of the coastal areas were forcibly converted for prawn cultivation. Small & marginal farmers and fisher-folks were forcefully evicted from their traditional land using strong-arm tactics, violence and even murders and rapes. The prawn cultivation destroyed the local environment and the social structure fell apart with the disappearance of local agriculture, livestocks and other local production. The ingress of saline water weakened the infrastructure for fighting natural calamities and the lives of the coastal population was highly imperilled.

Since the 2000s ADB like the other IFIs started investing heavily towards the introduction and implementation of PRSP which was actually an extension of the SAP. Under PRSP once again essential public services like health, education, energy, etc. was privatised. Public expenditure was reduced and the markets liberalised. Under this head ADB extended loans to the government to shut down running public sector industries. Since 2009 the current government has scrapped PRSP and resorted to its own long-term development framework and reintroduced 5 year plans. However, the earlier loans and its interests weigh heavily on the government with the debt servicing around one-fifth of the annual state budget.

Since the 1960s the ADB along with USAID & the World Bank financed embankments in the coastal region which from 1980s is the main reason for water-logging and inundation in that area. Then in 1995-96, in order to solve the problems of water-logging, the ADB sanctioned loans to the Bangladesh government under the Khulna-Jessore Drainage Rehabilitation Project (KJDRP). However, the project was a failure due to lack of popular involvement, disregard for local environment and faulty planning. The water-logging has increased after the implementation of the project and since 2000 approximately 1 million people are displaced in the monsoons every year. As a result of this the government has to spend additional money from public coffers to mitigate the distress as well as service the earlier debt. The people in the affected areas are left to face a veritable hell.

Similarly, the Sundarban Bio-diversity Conservation Project (SBCP) project funded by the ADB 1998-99 was a failure and had to be cancelled due to popular protests. Several industries like Khulna Newsprint Mill, Khulna Hardboard Mill & Dada Match Factory were closed as per the recommendations of SBCP resulting in the loss of employment of several thousand workers. Additionally, traditional foraging communities were prohibited to enter the forest resulting in loss of livelihood for three hundred thousand minor forest produce collectors (Bawalis). The project did not yield any benefit to the local population as a major part of the fund was wasted however, the government is still repaying the debt.

In 2005-06, ADB undertook the Integrated Water Resources Planning and Management in the South-Western part of the country. Lack of popular engagement has also turned this project a failure. A lack of understanding and consideration of the water-flow in the rivers and canals of this part of the country has halted navigation in these water channels due to indiscriminate construction of culverts and sluice gates. The livelihood of marginal farmers and fisher-folk including women is under serious threat and the project areas of Narail and Magura are under constant water-logging.

In the meantime, ADB has undertaken a project to make water supplies profitable in the metropolitan cities of Dhaka, Chittagong & Khulna. This would infringe upon the Right to Water of citizens. Also, the lending under the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience (PPCR) project to help Bangladesh mitigate climate change related risks contradicts Bangladesh’s own strategy paper on climate change. Recently the various mechanisms promoted by the ADB like results-based financing (RBF), PPP, and commodification of nature (nature pricing) are not only opening huge spaces for private corporations to earn ruthless profits in important basic sectors like communications, education, railways & energy; it is also stripping people of their rights to natural resources.

Between 1973-2016, 40% of the ADB loans were contracted during the military regime. According to international laws all these loans granted to unelected governments are odious. The ADB has also co-operated and legitimised military governments. ADB’s own ‘independent evaluation panel’ reports that 37% of the loans to Bangladesh have resulted in failed projects. On the other hand, the ADB claims a list of safeguards: environment protection, indigenous rights, women’s empowerment, forced displacement, accountability, right to information, etc. These safeguards speaks for adequate popular consultation and effective involvement before the project, during the project and for evaluation. However, these are mostly flouted or at best organised as hogwash.

In spite of assassinations, environmental damage and the destruction of lives and livelihoods the ADB continues to enjoy blanket immunity under the The Asian Development Bank Order, 1973. People do not have any recourse to law against the devastations caused by the ADB. We therefore demand:
  • Cancel ‘indemnity/immunity’ of ADB through a reform of the law;
  • ADB should be forced to compensate the affected local population;
  • ADB’s decisions must be made on the basis of ‘one country-one vote’ principle;
  • ADB projects must protect local agro-ecological environment, gender, and improvement of life and livelihoods of natural resource dependant people and smallholders;
  • Loans of odious nature lent to military regimes must be repudiated;
  • A citizens debt audit needs to commissioned for the ADB projects.
  • All IFIs including the ADB must be brought under the country’s laws.
(Translated by Sushovan Dhar)

Link of original article: http://www.cadtm.org/ADB-in-Bangladesh-More-Than-Four

āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•, āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻ“ āϰাāϜāύীāϤি

 āφāĻšāĻŽেāĻĻ āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒāύ āĻŽাāĻšāĻŽুāĻĻ
(āĻŦাংāϞাāύিāωāϜāϟু⧟েāύ্āϟিāĻĢোāϰāĻĄāϟāĻ•āĻŽ-āĻĒāϤ্āϰিāĻ•া⧟ āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļিāϤ)
------------------------------------
āφāĻļাāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা, āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āύি⧟ে āĻĻেāĻļে āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļে āĻŦেāĻļ āϜোāϰেāĻļোāϰে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āωāĻ েāĻ›ে। āφāĻŽāϰা āϝাāϰা āĻĻীāϰ্āϘāĻĻিāύ āϧāϰে āĻĻেāĻļে-āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āύীāϤিāϰ āϏāĻŽাāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰে āφāϏāĻ›িāϞাāĻŽ āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻāϟা āϏুāĻ–āĻŦāϰ। āĻ•েāύāύা āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄ āĻ“ āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āύি⧟ে āϏāĻŽাāϞোāϚāύা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে। āĻāϟা āϝে āĻāĻĻেāĻļে āĻāχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ•োāύো āϘāϟāύা āϤা āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āύ⧟। āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āύীāϤি āĻ“ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ āύি⧟ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ—āϤিāĻļীāϞ āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āϏāĻŽাāϜ, āϰাāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻĻāϞ āĻ“ āϏংāĻ—āĻ āύ āϤāĻĨা āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āύাāύা āϏāĻŽā§Ÿে āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦাāĻĻ, āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϰোāϧ āĻ“ āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ āĻ—ā§œে āωāĻ েāĻ›ে। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āφāύুāώ্āĻ াāύিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āϤেāĻŽāύ āĻ•োāύো āϏা⧜া āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϝা⧟ āύি। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻāĻŦাāϰ āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŽাāϏেāϤু āϏংāĻ•্āϰাāύ্āϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻ‹āĻŖāϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦাāϤিāϞেāϰ āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ•ে āύা⧜া āĻĻি⧟েāĻ›ে āĻāĻŦং āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻŽāĻšāϞেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώ āĻĨেāĻ•ে, āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āϏāĻŽাāϜেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻāĻŦং āϰাāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻĻāϞāϏāĻŽূāĻšেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϚāϞāĻ›ে āϜোāϰেāϏোāϰে āφāϞোāϚāύা-āϏāĻŽাāϞোāϚāύা। āĻāϟা āĻāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ-āχāϤিāĻšাāϏে āύāϜিāϰāĻŦিāĻšীāύ āϘāϟāύা। āĻŦিāώ⧟āϟি āĻ•েāĻŦāϞ āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝেāχ āϏীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āĻĨাāĻ•েāύি, āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦেāĻ“ āύাāύা āϏāĻŽাāϞোāϚāύা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে। āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻĢোāϰ্āĻŦāϏ āĻŽাāĻ—াāϜিāύ āϤো āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•āĻ•ে āĻ…āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•āϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ āφāĻ–্āϝা āĻĻি⧟ে āĻ…āύāϞাāχāύে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦেāĻĻāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে। āϘāϟāύাāϟি āϤাāχ āĻŦেāĻļ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ।

āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āωāĻĒāϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāϰ āĻļুāϰু āĻĨেāĻ•েāχ āĻ–ুāĻŦ āĻāĻ•āϟা āĻšাāϞে āĻĒাāύি āĻĒা⧟āύি। āϜাāύা āϝা⧟, āĻ¤ā§ŽāĻ•াāϞীāύ āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύāĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āϤাāϜāωāĻĻ্āĻĻীāύ āφāĻšāĻŽāĻĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•āĻ•ে āĻĻাāϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦৈāĻ āĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦেāĻļেāϰ āĻ…āύুāĻŽāϤি āύা āĻĻেāύāύি; āĻĒāϰে āĻ…āĻŦāĻļ্āϝ āĻĒেāĻ›āύে āĻŦāϏাāϰ āĻ…āύুāĻŽāϤি āĻĻি⧟েāĻ›িāϞেāύ। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āϏāĻŽā§Ÿে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āĻĒেāĻ›āύেāϰ āϏাāϰি āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻāĻ•েāĻŦাāϰে āϏাāĻŽāύেāϰ āϏাāϰিāϤে āϚāϞে āφāϏে, āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āύীāϤি āĻĒāϰ্āϝা⧟ে, āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•্āϰāĻŽে, āĻāĻŽāύāĻ•ি āϰাāϜāύীāϤি āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ­্āϝāύ্āϤāϰীāĻŖ āĻŦিāώ⧟েāĻ“ āĻšāϏ্āϤāĻ•্āώেāĻĒ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āφāϏāύ āĻĒাāĻ•াāĻĒোāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰে āύে⧟। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āύীāϤি āĻ“ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄ āύি⧟ে āĻŦāϰাāĻŦāϰ āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϏāĻŽাāϞোāϚāύা āĻĨাāĻ•āϞেāĻ“ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āϏংāĻļ্āϞিāώ্āϟ āĻŽāĻšāϞ āϤা āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা⧟ āύেāύāύি। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻāĻ•āĻĨাāĻ“ āĻšā§ŸāϤো āĻāĻ•āĻĻāĻŽ āĻ িāĻ• āύা। āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āϝāĻ–āύ āĻĻা⧟āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤি (‘āχāĻŽ্āϝুāύিāϟি’) āĻĻাāĻŦি āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞ āφāĻŽāϰা āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽিāϞিāϤāĻ­াāĻŦে āϤা āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāϰোāϧ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞাāĻŽ। āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻļāϤ āĻļāϤ āϏংāĻ—āĻ āύেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽিāϞিāϤ āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—েāϰ āĻĢāϞে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ•ে āĻļেāώ āĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āφāĻŽāϰা āĻŦোāĻাāϤে āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›িāϞাāĻŽ āϝে, āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•āĻ•ে āĻĻা⧟āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤি (āχāĻŽ্āϝুāύিāϟি) āĻĻিāϞে āϤা āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰেāϰ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা āĻ“ āϏাāϰ্āĻŦāĻ­ৌāĻŽāϤ্āĻŦেāϰ āĻŦিāĻĒāĻ•্āώে āϝাāĻŦে; āĻāĻ•āϟি āφāϰ্āĻĨিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāĻ•ে āĻ•োāύোāĻŽāϤেāχ āφāχāύেāϰ āϊāϰ্āϧ্āĻŦে āϰাāĻ–া āĻ িāĻ• āύা। āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻĻেāύāĻĻāϰāĻŦাāϰ, āϟাāύাāĻĒো⧜েāύ āĻļেāώে āĻļেāώāĻĒāϰ্āϝāύ্āϤ āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āϚাāĻĒ āĻ“ āĻĻাāĻŦিāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦাংāĻ•েāϰ ‘āĻŽাāĻŽাāĻŦা⧜িāϰ āφāĻŦāĻĻাāϰ’ āĻ­েāϏ্āϤে āϝা⧟।

āĻāĻ•āχāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•, āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰা āϤāĻšāĻŦিāϞ, āĻāĻļী⧟ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻĒ্āϰেāϏāĻ•্āϰিāĻĒāĻļāύ ‘āĻĒিāφāϰāĻāϏāĻĒি’ āĻŦা ‘āĻĻাāϰিāĻĻ্āϰ্āϝ āĻŦিāĻŽোāϚāύ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞāĻĒāϤ্āϰ’ āύি⧟েāĻ“ āϏাāϰাāĻĻেāĻļে āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āϏংāĻ—āĻ āύāĻ—ুāϞো āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽিāϞিāϤāĻ­াāĻŦে āϏāĻŽাāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞ। āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āϏংāĻ—āĻ āύেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āφāĻŽāϰা āϏুāώ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ āϜাāύি⧟েāĻ›িāϞাāĻŽ, āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āĻ—ংāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒিāφāϰāĻāϏāĻĒি āύীāϤি āĻāĻĻেāĻļে āĻĻাāϰিāĻĻ্āϰ্āϝ āĻ•āĻŽাāĻŦে āύা, āĻŦāϰং āϤা āφāϰāĻ“ āĻŦা⧜ি⧟ে āĻĻিāϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āĻĒ্āϰāĻ—āϤিāĻļীāϞ āϰাāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻĻāϞ, āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ•-āϏাংāϏ্āĻ•ৃāϤিāĻ• āϏংāĻ—āĻ āύ āĻāĻŦং āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻ…āύুāϧাāĻŦāύ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞ āϝে, āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āϚাāĻĒি⧟ে āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻāĻ•āϤāϰāĻĢা āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āύীāϤি āĻ•āĻ–āύোāχ āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āφāĻļা-āφāĻ•াāĻ™্āĻ•্āώা āĻ“ āϚাāĻšিāĻĻাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻĢāϞāύ āϘāϟা⧟ āύা, āĻāĻŦং āĻāχ āĻ•āĻĨিāϤ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āύীāϤি āĻĻাāϰিāĻĻ্āϰ্āϝ āύিāϰāϏāύে āφāĻĻৌ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•āϰ āĻ•োāύো āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āϰাāĻ–āĻŦে āύা। āĻŦāϰং āĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝ āωāĻĻাāϰিāĻ•āϰāĻŖেāϰ āύাāĻŽে āϏেāĻŦাāĻ–াāϤāϏāĻŽূāĻš ( āϝেāĻŽāύ : āĻļিāĻ•্āώা, āϏ্āĻŦাāϏ্āĻĨ্āϝ, āĻĒাāύি āϏেāĻŦা āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি) āĻŦেāϏāϰāĻ•াāϰিāĻ•āϰāĻŖেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻ•āĻĨিāϤ āϧāύী āĻ“ āωāύ্āύāϤ āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāϞেāϰাāϰ āĻŦাāϜাāϰেāϰে āĻāĻ•āϚেāϟি⧟া āĻĒ্āϰāϏাāϰ āϘāϟāĻŦে; āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻ•্āώুāĻĻ্āϰ āĻ“ āĻŽাāĻাāϰি āĻĒুঁāϜিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāϏāĻš āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰী⧟ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāĻ—ুāϞোāĻ•ে āĻ…āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•āϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻ•্āϰāĻŽāĻļ āϧ্āĻŦংāϏ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāĻŦে, āϝা āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āϜীāĻŦāύ āĻ“ āϜীāĻŦিāĻ•াāĻ•ে āϏংāĻ•āϟেāϰ āĻŽুāĻ– āĻĢেāϞāĻŦে। āĻāĻŦং āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āϘāϟেāĻ›েāĻ“ āϤাāχ। āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻŦৃāĻšā§Ž āĻ•াāϰāĻ–াāύা āφāĻĻāĻŽāϜিāϏāĻš āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ  āĻĒাāϟāĻ•āϞ āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻ•āϰে āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āĻĒেāĻ›āύে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āφāĻŽāϰা āϜাāύি, āϝা āϏāϰাāϏāϰি āĻāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻŽেāĻšāύāϤি āĻļ্āϰāĻŽিāĻ•, āύাāϰী āĻ“ āĻļিāĻļু āϤāĻĨা āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āϜীāĻŦāύ āϜীāĻŦিāĻ•াāĻ•ে āϏংāĻ•āϟেāϰ āĻŽুāĻ–ে āĻĢেāϞে āĻĻে⧟।

āφāĻŽāϰা āφāϰো āϜাāύি, āύিāϤ্āϝāĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύী⧟ āĻĻ্āϰāĻŦ্āϝāϏāĻŽূāĻšেāϰ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝāĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧি, āϤেāϞ, āĻ—্āϝাāϏ, āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝুāϤেāϰ āĻŽূāϞ্āϝāĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧিāϰ āĻĒেāĻ›āύে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা। āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āϏāĻŽাāϜ āĻ“ āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āϚাāĻĒি⧟ে āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤেāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āϜোāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦাāĻĻ āϜাāύাāύো āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে, āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻĻাāĻŦি āϜাāύাāύো āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে, āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻĒ্āϰা⧟āĻļ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āĻĻাāĻŦি āωāĻĒেāĻ•্āώা āĻ•āϰে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āύāϤি āϏ্āĻŦীāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে, āϝা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āωāύ্āύāϤিāϰ āĻŦিāĻĒāĻ•্āώে। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু, āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻĻেāϰিāϤে āĻšāϞেāĻ“ āĻĒāĻž্āϚāĻŦাāϰ্āώিāĻ• āĻĒāϰিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāύাāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŽāύোāϝোāĻ— āĻĻি⧟েāĻ›ে; āĻāϟাāĻ“ āφāĻļাāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা।

āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāϤি, āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŽাāϏেāϤুāϰ āĻ‹āĻŖāϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āύি⧟ে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϝে āϟাāύাāĻĒো⧜েāύ āϤৈāϰি āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āĻāϟাāĻ“ āφāĻļাāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা। āĻ•েāύāύা, āĻāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻ—āĻŖāĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āϏāĻ•্āϰি⧟ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে āϏাāϰা āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āφāĻĒাāĻŽāϰ āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖ āϜেāύেāĻ›েāύ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āĻ•ি ‘āϜিāύিāϏ’। āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞāϤা, āφāĻŽāϞা-āϰাāϜāύীāϤিāĻ•āĻĻেāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤিāϰ āĻ…āĻ­িāϝোāĻ— āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻŦিāώ⧟ে āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖ āϜাāύāϤে āĻĒেāϰেāĻ›েāύ। āφāĻŽāϰা āϝাāϰা āĻĻীāϰ্āϘāĻĻিāύ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āύীāϤি āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰāĻ›ি, āĻāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāĻ—ুāϞো āĻĒāϰ্āϝāĻŦেāĻ•্āώāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ি āĻ“ āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āϏāĻŽাāϞোāϚāύা āĻšাāϜিāϰ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ি, āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ–āϝোāĻ—্āϝ āϘāϟāύা āĻāϟি। āĻ āϘāϟāύা āĻĻুāύি⧟াāĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒী āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāϤাāύ্āϤ্āϰিāĻ• āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻ…āύ্āϝাāϝ্āϝ āύীāϤিāĻŦিāϰোāϧী āφāύ্āĻĻোāϞāύ āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰ⧟াāϏāĻ•ে āφāϰো āĻŦেāĻ—āĻŦাāύ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে, āϏāύ্āĻĻেāĻš āύেāχ। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŽাāϏেāϤু āϏংāĻ•্āϰাāύ্āϤ āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤিāϰ āĻ…āĻ­িāϝোāĻ—, āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ, āĻ‹āĻŖāϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āĻ“ āĻĒেāĻ›āύেāϰ āϰাāϜāύীāϤিāϰ āφāϰো āĻŦিāĻļ্āϞেāώāĻŖ āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ।

āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻ‹āĻŖāϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦাāϤিāϞেāϰ āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āύি⧟ে āϝাāϰা āύাāĻ•ি-āĻ•াāύ্āύা āĻ•āϰāĻ›েāύ āφāĻŽি āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώে āύāχ। āĻāĻ–াāύে āύাāĻ•ি-āĻ•াāύ্āύাāϰ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āύেāχ, āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āϏ্āĻŦাāϰ্āĻĨেāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āĻ•āĻ–āύো āĻāĻ• āĻĒা āĻŦা⧜া⧟ āύি। āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ‹āĻŖāĻĻাāύāĻ•াāϰী āφāϰ্āĻĨিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ, āĻāϟা āĻ•োāύো āφāĻž্āϜুāĻŽাāύে āĻŽāĻĢিāĻĻুāϞ āχāϏāϞাāĻŽ āύ⧟, āĻ āĻŦিāώ⧟āϟি āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰ। āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤা-āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āϝে āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ‹āĻŖ āĻĻি⧟েāĻ›ে āϤা āĻŦিāĻļ āĻŦিāϞি⧟āύ āĻĄāϞাāϰেāϰ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻŦেāĻļি। āφāĻšাāĻŽāϰি āĻ•িāĻ›ু āύ⧟। āĻŦāϰং āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āϏেāϏāĻŦ āĻ‹āĻŖ āĻ•্āώāϤিāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĻাঁ⧜ি⧟েāĻ›ে। āωāύ্āύ⧟āύেāϰ āύাāĻŽে āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āϚোāĻ–েāϰ āϏাāĻŽāύে āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āϧ্āĻŦংāϏāϝāϜ্āĻž। āĻāĻĻেāĻļে āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ-āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦেāĻļ-āĻĒ্āϰাāĻŖāĻŦৈāϚিāϤ্āϰ্āϝ āϧ্āĻŦংāϏেāϰ āĻĒেāĻ›āύে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāĻ—ুāϞো āĻ•āĻŽ āĻĻা⧟ী āύ⧟। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āφāĻļ্āϚāϰ্āϝāϜāύāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āϞāĻ•্āώ্āϝāĻŖী⧟, āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āύীāϤি āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āύি⧟ে āϟāĻ•āĻļোāϰ āφāϞোāϚāĻ•āϰা, āϏাāĻŦেāĻ• āφāĻŽāϞা-āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰীāϰা, āĻŦāϰ্āϤāĻŽাāύ āϰাāϜāύীāϤিāĻ•āϰা, āĻ•āĻĨিāϤ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤিāĻŦিāĻĻāϰা āĻāĻŽāύāĻ•ি āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āϏংāĻ—āĻ āύেāϰ āĻ•āϰ্āϤাāĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤিāϰা āϜোāϰেāĻļোāϰে āĻ•োāύো āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āϤুāϞāĻ›েāύ āύা। āĻāχ āϘāϟāύাāϟি āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύ āĻ“ āϏ্āĻŦāύিāϰ্āĻ­āϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻ­িāϤ āĻ—ā§œে āϤুāϞāϤে āφāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰে āϰাāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώে āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻāĻ•āϟা āĻŦ⧜ āϏুāϝোāĻ— āĻāύে āĻĻি⧟েāĻ›ে। āϏুāϝোāĻ— āĻāύেāĻ›ে āϏ্āĻŦāϚ্āĻ›āϤা āĻ“ āϜāĻŦাāĻŦāĻĻিāĻšিāϤা, āĻļাāϏāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻĻিāĻ• āĻĒāϰ্āϝাāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰে āύিāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞāϤাāĻ•ে āĻļāύাāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰে āϏāĻ িāĻ• āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖেāϰ। āĻĢāϞে āϰাāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ—ুāĻŖāĻ—āϤ āϰূāĻĒাāύ্āϤāϰেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώে, āϏāĻŽাāϜ āĻ“ āĻĻেāĻļ āĻ—āĻ āύেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώে āĻ āϜাāϤী⧟ āϘāϟāύা āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ–āϝোāĻ—্āϝ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻĒাāϰে।

āĻ…āύ্āϝāĻĻিāĻ•ে āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা⧟ āύেāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰ āϝে, āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āϝেāϏāĻŦ āĻ…āĻ­িāϝোāĻ—ে āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŽাāϏেāϤু āϏংāĻ•্āϰাāύ্āϤ āĻ‹āĻŖāϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦাāϤিāϞ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে āϏেāϏāĻŦ āĻ…āĻ­িāϝোāĻ— āĻĸাāĻšা āĻŽিāĻĨ্āϝা āύ⧟। āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻŽিāĻĨ্āϝা āύ⧟ āĻŦāϞেāχ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ— āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে। āĻāĻĻেāĻļে āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤি āφāĻ›ে, āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤি āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāϟা āϤো āĻŽিāĻĨ্āϝা āĻ•āĻĨা āύ⧟। āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŽাāϏেāϤুāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āϝে ⧧⧍ā§Ļ āĻ•োāϟি āĻĄāϞাāϰ āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা āϤাāϰ āϚে⧟েāĻ“ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨেāϰ  āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤি āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻšā§Ÿ āĻāĻĻেāĻļে। āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤিāϰ āĻ…āĻ­িāϝোāĻ—েāϰ āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āϚূ⧜াāύ্āϤ āĻĢ⧟āϏাāϞা āĻšā§Ÿāύি, āϤāĻŦু āĻāϟা āĻ…āύুāĻŽাāύāϝোāĻ—্āϝ āϝে, āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŽাāϏেāϤু āύি⧟ে āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤিāϰ āĻ…āĻ­িāϝোāĻ—āϟি āφāĻŽāϞে āύে⧟াāϰ āĻŽāϤো। āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻāϟি āφāĻŽāϞে āύা āύিāϞেāĻ“ āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āϏāĻŽā§Ÿে āϞāĻ•্āώ āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟, āϏেāϟি āφāĻŽāϞে āύি⧟ে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϚেāώ্āϟা āĻ•āϰেāĻ›েāύ। āφāĻŽāϰা āĻļাāϏāύāĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āϏ্āĻŦāϚ্āĻ›āϤাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āύিāĻļ্āϚ⧟āχ āφāĻļা āĻ•āϰি āϝে, āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āϏাāĻŽāύে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻĻেāύāĻĻāϰāĻŦাāϰেāϰ āύāĻĨিāĻĒāϤ্āϰ, āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāĻĒāϤ্āϰ āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āϏ্āĻŦāϚ্āĻ›āϤা, āϜāĻŦাāĻŦāĻĻিāĻšিāϤা āĻ“ āĻĻা⧟āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤাāϰ āϏ্āĻŦাāϰ্āĻĨে āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āϏাāĻŽāύে āϤুāϞে āϧāϰāĻŦে। āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰāĻ“ āωāϚিāϤ āϏāĻ•āϞ āĻĻāϞিāϞ āĻĻāϏ্āϤাāĻŦেāϜ āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āϏাāĻŽāύে āĻšাāϜিāϰ āĻ•āϰা। āĻāĻ•āϟি āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āφāϰ্āĻĨিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āĻāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻĻা⧟āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ। āĻāĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে, āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻ•োāύ āĻ•োāύ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻ•āϤা āĻāχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϜ⧜িāϤ āĻ›িāϞেāύ, āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻ•ী āĻ›িāϞ, āϏেāϏāĻŦ āĻŦিāώ⧟ে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻ•োāύো āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āϤোāϞা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āύা। āĻ āĻŦিāώ⧟āϟি āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϝা āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āϏাāĻŽāύে āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻ•āϰা āĻ…āϤি āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰি। āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–া āφāĻŦāĻļ্āϝāĻ•, āĻāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻ•োāϟি āĻ•োāϟি āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āĻŽাāύুāώ āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤি āĻ•āϰেāύ āύা, āϤেāĻŽāύি āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤিāĻŦাāϜ āφāĻŽāϞা, āϰাāϜāύীāϤিāĻ• āĻ“ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ•েāĻ“ āϤাāϰা āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨāύ āĻ•āϰেāύ āύা। āĻāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϰাāϜāύীāϤিāϰ āχāϤিāĻšাāϏ āĻŦাāϰāĻŦাāϰ āϤাāχ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে।

āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽāύোāϝোāĻ— āĻĻে⧟া āωāϚিāϤ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύ āϜাāϤী⧟ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤিāϰ āύীāϤিāĻŽাāϞা āĻĒ্āϰāϪ⧟āύে। āφāϰ āĻ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖেāχ āĻ­েāĻŦে āĻĻেāĻ–া āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰ, āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŽা āĻŦ্āϰিāϜ āύিāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨা⧟āύে āĻ•ীāĻ­াāĻŦে āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟। āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āϏংāĻļ্āϞিāώ্āϟāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ•্āϰি⧟া āĻ“ āφāϞোāϚāύা āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻŽāύে āĻšā§Ÿ, āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āύা āĻĨাāĻ•āϞে āϝেāύ āĻāĻĻেāĻļ āĻ­েāϏে āϝাāĻŦে। āφāĻĻৌ āϤা āύ⧟। āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āĻŦāĻ›āϰে ā§§.⧍ āĻŦিāϞি⧟āύ āĻĄāϞাāϰ āĻ‹āĻŖ āĻĻে⧟, āφāϰ āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦাāϏী-āĻ†ā§Ÿ āĻŦৈāϧ āωāĻĒা⧟েāχ ⧧⧍ āĻŦিāϞি⧟āύ āĻĄāϞাāϰেāϰ āϚে⧟েāĻ“ āĻŦেāĻļি। āĻāĻĻেāĻļে āĻāĻŽāύ āĻļিāϞ্āĻĒāĻĒāϤি āφāĻ›েāύ āϝাāϰা āĻĒাāĻŦāϞিāĻ•-āĻĒ্āϰাāχāĻ­েāϟ āĻĒাāϰ্āϟāύাāϰāĻļিāĻĒেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŽাāϏেāϤু āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰেāύ āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļি āĻ‹āĻŖ āĻ›া⧜া। āϏāĻšāϝোāĻ—িāϤা āύেāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϝেāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦাāϏী āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļীāĻĻেāϰ āϏংāĻ—āĻ িāϤ āĻ•āϰে। āĻ•েāύāύা āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļি āĻ‹āĻŖ āĻāĻĻেāĻļāĻ•ে āĻ…āύেāĻ•াংāĻļে āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤিāĻ—্āϰāϏ্āϤ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে, āϏāĻŽাāϜেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ•ে āĻĻাāϞাāϞে āϰূāĻĒাāύ্āϤāϰ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে। āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤāĻŦাāϜাāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤিāϰ āύাāĻŽে āĻŦেāϏāϰāĻ•াāϰিāĻ•āϰāĻŖেāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āϰāĻŽāϰāĻŽা āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে āĻ•āϰ্āĻĒোāϰেāϟ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏা। āϧāύী-āĻ—āϰিāĻŦেāϰ āĻ†ā§Ÿ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϧাāύ āĻ“ āĻŦৈāώāĻŽ্āϝেāϰ āĻŽাāϤ্āϰা āĻ•্āϰāĻŽাāĻ—āϤ āĻŦে⧜েāχ āϚāϞāĻ›ে। āĻŦাāϰ্āώিāĻ• āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāϏূāϚিāϰ  āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟āύ āĻšাāϰ āϞāĻ•্āώ āĻ•āϰāϞেāχ āϤা āϏāĻšāϜে āĻĒāϰিāώ্āĻ•াāϰ āĻšā§Ÿ।

āĻ‹āĻŖāϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝেāϰ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•াāϰিāϤা āύি⧟ে āĻĻীāϰ্āϘāĻĻিāύ āϧāϰে āφāϰ্āύ্āϤāϜাāϤিāĻ•āĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ•াāϜেāϰ āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻžāϤা āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻāϟা āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ āϝে, āĻ‹āĻŖ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϰাāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻŦিāώ⧟। āĻāϰ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•াāϰিāϤা āύি⧟ে ‘āĻĒ্āϝাāϰিāϏ āϘোāώāĻŖা‘ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ģ), ‘āφāĻ•্āϰা āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāĻĒāϰিāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāύা‘ (⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ž) āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•āϰ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻŦ্āϝāϰ্āĻĨ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻĻাāϤাāĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāϞো āϝেāĻŽāύ āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻĻে⧟া āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻļ্āϰুāϤি āϰāĻ•্āώা āĻ•āϰে āύি, āϤেāĻŽāύি āĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤা āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāϞোāĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻļ্āϰুāϤি āϰāĻ•্āώা āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āύি āφāĻļাāύুāϰূāĻĒāĻ­াāĻŦে। āφāϰ āϏāϰ্āĻŦāĻļেāώ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§§ āϏাāϞে āύāĻ­েāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰে āĻ•োāϰি⧟া⧟ āĻ…āύুāώ্āϟিāϤ āĻŽāύ্āϤ্āϰী āĻĒāϰ্āϝা⧟েāϰ āϚāϤুāϰ্āĻĨ āωāϚ্āϚ āĻĒāϰ্āϝা⧟েāϰ āĻŦেāĻ āĻ•েāϰ āĻĢāϞ āĻšিāϏেāĻŦে ‘āĻŦুāĻļাāύ āĻĒাāϰ্āϟāύাāϰāĻļিāĻĒ āĻĢāϰ āχāĻĢেāĻ•্āϟিāĻ­ āĻĄেāĻ­েāϞāĻĒāĻŽেāύ্āϟ āĻ•োāĻ…āĻĒাāϰেāĻļāύ’ āĻ•āϤāϟুāĻ•ু āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āϰাāĻ–āĻŦে āϤা āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύেāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽুāĻ–ীāύ। āĻĢāϞে āϝাāϰা āĻŦāϞāĻ›েāύ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤেāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻĻাāϤাāĻ—োāώ্āϟি āĻŦিāώ⧟āϟিāĻ•ে āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āϏāĻšāĻ•াāϰে āύি⧟ে āϤাāϰাāĻ“ āϏāĻšāϝোāĻ—িāϤাāϰ āĻĒāĻĨ āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻ•āϰে āĻĻেāĻŦেāύ, āϤা āĻ­ুāϞ। āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻāĻ•āϟি āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽোāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦāĻšুāĻĒাāĻ•্āώিāĻ• āφāϰ্āĻĨিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ āĻ“ āĻĻাāϤা āϏংāϏ্āĻĨা āĻ•াāϜ āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻŦং āϤাāϰা āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻļ্āϰুāϤিāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻĻা⧟āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ। āϝেāĻŽāύ ‘āϏāĻšāϏ্āϰাāĻŦ্āĻĻ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āϞāĻ•্āώ’ āϝা ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ āϏাāϞেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟āύ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āĻ•āĻĨা, āϏেāϟিāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĻাāϤা āĻ“ āĻ—্āϰāĻšীāϤা āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāϞো āĻĻা⧟āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ। āϧāύী āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāϞেāϰাāϰ āĻĻা⧟āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧāϤা āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āϜাāϤী⧟ āĻ†ā§Ÿেāϰ ā§Ļ.ā§­ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻ—āϰিāĻŦ āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύে āĻŦ্āϝ⧟ āĻ•āϰাāϰ। āĻāĻ›া⧜া āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏাāĻŦাāĻŖিāϜ্āϝāϏāĻš āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻĒাāĻ•্āώিāĻ• āĻ“ āĻŦāĻšুāĻĒাāĻ•্āώিāĻ• āϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻ“ āϏāĻšāϝোāĻ—িāϤাāϰ āĻŦিāώ⧟ āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে। āĻĢāϞে āĻĻাāϤাāĻ—োāώ্āϟি āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āύিāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āϏ্āĻŦাāϰ্āĻĨেāχ āĻ‹āĻŖāϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏা āϟিāĻ•ি⧟ে āϰাāĻ–āĻŦে। āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āχāωāϰোāĻĒ-āφāĻŽেāϰিāĻ•াāϰ āĻŽāύ্āĻĻা āĻāϰāχ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻ•িāĻ›ু āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦ āĻĢেāϞāĻ›ে āĻāĻŦং āϤাāϰা āĻŦেāϏāϰāĻ•াāϰি āĻ–াāϤāĻ•ে āϏাāĻŽāύে āĻāύে āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻļ্āϰুāϤিāĻ•ে āĻĒাāĻļ āĻ•াāϟাāϤে āϚাāϚ্āĻ›ে। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϤাāϰ āĻĒাāϰ āĻĻāĻļāĻ• āĻĒāϰে āĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āϤোāϞা āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āϤ্āϝāύ্āϤ āϜāϰুāϰি āϝে, āφāĻŽāϰা āφāϰ āĻ•āϤāĻĻিāύ āĻĻাāϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ‹āĻŖেāϰ āĻĒেāĻ›āύে āĻ›ুāϟāĻŦ। āĻ āĻ‹āĻŖ āĻ•াāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ, āĻāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āωāύ্āύāϤিāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ, āύা āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻŽুāώ্āϟিāĻŽে⧟ āĻ…ংāĻļেāϰ āϏ্āĻŦাāϰ্āĻĨেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ? āĻ‹āĻŖ āύে⧟াāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āϝāĻĻি āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ‹āĻŖেāϰ āĻĢাঁāĻĻে āφāϟāĻ•ে āϝাāĻ“ā§Ÿা, āϝেāĻŽāύāϟি āĻāĻĻেāĻļে āϞāĻ•্āώ āϞāĻ•্āώ āĻ—āϰিāĻŦ āĻŽাāύুāώ āĻ•্āώুāĻĻ্āϰ āĻ‹āĻŖ āϏংāϏ্āĻĨাāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏাāϰ āĻĢাঁāĻĻে āφāϟāĻ•ে āĻ—েāĻ›ে, āϤা āĻšāĻŦে āĻĻুāϰ্āĻ­াāĻ—্āϝāϜāύāĻ•।

āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āϝে āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ…āĻ—āĻŖāϤাāύ্āϤ্āϰিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ, āĻ…āύ্āϝাāϝ্āϝ āĻ“ āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤিāĻ—্āϰāϏ্āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ āϤা ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ŧ āϏাāϞে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļিāϤ ‘āĻ‹āĻŖāϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝেāϰ āĻļāϰ্āϤ āĻ“ āϰাāϜāύীāϤি: āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āĻ“ āφāχāĻāĻŽāĻāĻĢ-āĻāϰ āĻŦৈāϧāϤাāϰ āϏংāĻ•āϟ’ āĻ—্āϰāύ্āĻĨে āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞাāĻŽ। āφāϜ āĻĢোāϰ্āĻŦāϏ āĻ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻŦāϞāĻ›ে। āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻāϟি āϤাāχ āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āϘāϟāύা। āφāĻŽāϰা āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰি, āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āωāϚিāϤ āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŽাāϏেāϤু āϏংāĻ•্āϰাāύ্āϤ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻ…āĻ­িāϝোāĻ— āφāĻŽāϞে āύি⧟ে āĻŦিāϚাāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­াāĻ—ী⧟ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύ āĻ“ āύিāϰāĻĒেāĻ•্āώ āϤāĻĻāύ্āϤ āĻ•āĻŽিāĻļāύ āĻ—āĻ āύ āĻ•āϰে āϤা āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āϏাāĻŽāύে āϤুāϞে āϧāϰা; āĻĻোāώী āϏাāĻŦ্āϝāϏ্āϤāĻĻেāϰ āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻļাāϏ্āϤি āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻ•āϰে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•াāĻ•ে āϏāĻŽুāύ্āύāϤ āĻ•āϰা। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻĒুāύāϰা⧟ āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŽাāϏেāϤুāϰ āϚুāĻ•্āϤিāĻ•ে āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•āϰ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āϝে āĻ•োāύো āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ— āĻšāĻŦে āĻŦিāύাāĻļী āĻĒāĻĻāĻ•্āώেāĻĒ। āĻŦāϰং āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•āϏāĻš āĻĻাāϤাāĻ—োāώ্āĻ িāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϤাāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύāĻ•ে āφāϰো āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ āĻ“ āĻļāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে, āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ•āϰে, āχāωāϰোāĻĒী⧟ āχāωāύি⧟āύāĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ āĻĻাāϤাāĻĻেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āφāϞোāϚāύাāϏāĻš ‘āϏাāωāĻĨ-āϏাāωāĻĨ āĻ•োāĻ…āĻĒাāϰেāĻļāύেāϰ āĻĒāĻĨāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāϏাāϰিāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।   āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āωāϚিāϤ āϏুāĻļাāϏāύ āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āĻ•āϰা, āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āĻ…āϧিāĻ• āĻĻা⧟āĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ āĻĨাāĻ•া, āĻāĻŦং āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•-āĻāĻļী⧟ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āϚাāĻĒি⧟ে āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿা āύীāϤিāĻļāϰ্āϤেāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āĻļāĻ•্āϤ āϰাāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āύেāĻ“ā§Ÿা। āĻ āϏুāϝোāĻ— āĻšাāϰাāύোāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻšāĻŦে āĻāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώেāϰ āĻļৌāϰ্āϝāĻŦীāϰ্āϝ āϏাāĻšāϏী āĻ“ āϏ্āĻŦাāϧীāύāϚেāϤা āϰাāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻŽāύোāĻ­āĻ™্āĻ—ি āĻ“ āφāĻļাāφāĻ•াāĻ™্āĻ•্āώাāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āĻĻাঁ⧜াāύো।
  
āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞেāϰ āĻ“āĻĒāϰ āϏāĻŦāϞেāϰ āφāĻ•্āϰāĻŽāĻŖ āύāϤুāύ āύ⧟। āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āĻāĻĻেāĻļে āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāϞāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻšাāϜিāϰ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে āϝে āϤাāϰা āĻ”āĻĻ্āϧāϤ্āϝāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŖ āφāϚāϰāĻŖ āĻĒ্āϰা⧟āĻļ āĻ•āϰে। āĻāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻ“ āύāϤāϜাāύু āύীāϤি। āϝাāϰা āĻŦāϞāĻ›েāύ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻāχ āφāϚāϰāĻŖ āĻ…āĻĒ্āϰāϤ্āϝাāĻļিāϤ āφāĻŽি āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻāĻ•āĻŽāϤ āύāχ।āĻ•েāω āĻ•েāω āĻŦāϞāĻ›েāύ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻŦāĻ•্āϤāĻŦ্āϝ āĻ…āĻĒāĻŽাāύāϜāύāĻ•; āφāĻŽি āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰি āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻāϏেāĻ›ে āύিāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āωāĻĒāϝুāĻ•্āϤāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ—ā§œে āϤুāϞে āĻ…āĻĒāĻŽাāύেāϰ āϜāĻŦাāĻŦ āĻĻেāĻ“ā§Ÿা। āύা āĻšā§Ÿ āĻ…āϰāĻŖ্āϝে āϰোāĻĻāύ āĻĢāϞ āĻŦ⧟ে āφāύāĻŦে āύা।  āĻĢāϞে āĻ•ীāĻ­াāĻŦে āύিāϜেāĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻļāĻ•্āϤ āĻ“ āϏāĻŦāϞ āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟, āϞোāĻ­āϞাāϞāϏা āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻšāϤ āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻļী⧟ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•, āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āύীāϤি āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāĻ—ুāϞোāĻ•ে āĻŦিāύাāĻŦিāϚাāϰে āϏা⧟ āύা āĻĻি⧟ে āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āϚাāĻšিāĻĻা, āĻ…āĻ—্āϰাāϧিāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻ…āĻ­িāĻŽāϤāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ া āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟ āϤাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϏāϚেāώ্āϟ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āϜāϰুāϰি।

āĻ āĻ•āĻĨা āĻšā§ŸāϤো āĻ িāĻ• āϝে, āĻ‹āĻŖāϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻŦাāϤিāϞেāϰ āϘāϟāύাāϟি āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻŽāĻšāϞে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻ­াāĻŦāĻŽূāϰ্āϤি āĻ•্āώুāύ্āύ āĻ•āϰāĻŦে āĻ•āĻŽāĻŦেāĻļি। āĻŦিāϚাāϰ āĻŦāĻšিāϰ্āĻ­ূāϤ āĻšāϤ্āϝাāĻ•াāĻŖ্āĻĄ, āĻ—ুāĻŽ āĻ“ āĻšāϤ্āϝা, āĻŽাāύāĻŦাāϧিāĻ•াāϰ āϞāĻ™্āϘāύ, āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤি, āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāϏāύিāĻ• āϏ্āĻŦāϜāύāĻĒ্āϰীāϤি, āϏুāĻļাāϏāύ-āϏ্āĻŦāϚ্āĻ›āϤা-āϜāĻŦাāĻŦāĻĻিāĻšিāϤাāϰ āĻ…āĻ­াāĻŦ, āĻ—্āϰাāĻŽীāĻŖ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āχāϏ্āϝু, āϰাāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻ…āϏ্āĻĨিāϰāϤা āχāϤ্āϝাāĻĻি āĻŦিāώ⧟ āύি⧟ে āĻāϰāχ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻŽāĻšāϞে āφāϞোāϚāύা-āϏāĻŽাāϞোāϚāύা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে। āύāϤুāύ āĻ•āϰে āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŽাāĻŦ্āϰিāϜ āĻāĻŽāύ āĻ•োāύো āĻŦ⧜ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦ āĻĢেāϞāĻŦে āĻŦāϞে āĻŽāύে āĻšā§Ÿ āύা। āĻ•াāϰāĻŖ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āύীāϤি āĻ“ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•্āϰāĻŽ āύি⧟েāĻ“ āĻĻাāϤাāĻ—োāώ্āĻ ি āĻ“ āωāύ্āύāϤ āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāϞো āĻ…āĻŦāĻ—āϤ। āϤাāϰা āϏāĻŦāϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āϝে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āϏāĻŦāĻ•িāĻ›ু āφāĻ•াāϟ্āϝ āĻ­েāĻŦে āϏāĻŽāϰ্āĻĨāύ āĻ•āϰে, āĻ…āĻ­িāϜ্āĻžāϤা āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϤা āĻŦāϞে āύা। āχāωāϰোāĻĒী⧟ āχāωāύি⧟āύāĻ­ুāĻ•্āϤ āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻ…āύেāĻ• āĻŦিāώ⧟েāχ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āϏāĻŽāϤāĻŦিāϰোāϧ āφāĻ›ে āĻŦāϞে āϜাāύি। āϝুāĻ•্āϤāϰাāϜ্āϝ āĻ“ āύāϰāĻ“ā§Ÿে āĻ•ā§ŸেāĻ• āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āφāĻ—েāχ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•āĻ•ে āϜাāύি⧟ে āĻĻি⧟েāĻ›িāϞ āĻ‹āĻŖāϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϜু⧜ে āĻĻে⧟া āĻ•āĻ িāύ āĻļāϰ্āϤ āĻļিāĻĨিāϞ āύা āĻ•āϰāϞে āϏāĻšāϝোāĻ—িāϤাāϰ āĻŦিāώ⧟āϟি āϤাāϰা āĻĒুāύāϰ্āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύা āĻ•āϰāĻŦে। āφāĻĢ্āϰিāĻ•া āĻ“ āϞাāϤিāύ āφāĻŽেāϰিāĻ•া āϜু⧜ে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āύীāϤি āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āĻļāĻ•্āϤ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে। āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰāĻ—ুāϞোāϰāĻ“ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώে āϤেāĻŽāύ āĻ•োāύো āϏা⧟ āύেāχ। āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āĻ­াāϰāϤ āĻ“ āĻļ্āϰীāϞংāĻ•া⧟ āϤেāĻŽāύ āĻ•োāύো āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦ āĻŦিāϏ্āϤাāϰ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āύা। āĻ­াāϰāϤ āĻĒিāφāϰāĻāϏāĻĒি āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāύি, āĻļ্āϰীāϞংāĻ•া āĻŦিāĻĻেāĻļি āϏাāĻšাāϝ্āϝেāϰ āĻ•াāϰ্āϝāĻ•াāϰিāϤা āĻŦিāώ⧟āĻ• āĻĒ্āϝাāϰিāϏ āĻĄিāĻ•্āϞাāϰেāĻļāύāĻ•ে āĻĒাāϤ্āϤাāχ āĻĻে⧟ āύি। āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻŦিāĻ­িāύ্āύ āĻŽāĻšāϞ āϝেāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ•্āϰি⧟া āĻŦ্āϝāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে āϤাāϤে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰ āĻ–ুāĻŦ āϚাāĻĒে āĻ“ āϟেāύāĻļāύে āφāĻ›ে āĻŦāϞে āĻŽāύে āĻšā§Ÿ। āφāĻŦাāϰ āϜোāϰ āĻ—āϞা⧟ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤি āύি⧟ে āϝāĻ–āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύ āϤোāϞা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে, āĻŽāύে āϰাāĻ–āϤে āĻšāĻŦে, āĻĒāϰāĻŦāϰ্āϤী āϏāĻŽā§Ÿে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻ•াāĻ›ে āϝেāύ āϧāϰ্āύা āĻĻিāϤে āύা āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻĒāĻĻ্āĻŽাāϏেāϤু āĻ‹āĻŖāϚুāĻ•্āϤি āĻĒুāύāϰ্āĻŦিāĻŦেāϚāύাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϝে āĻ•োāύো āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ— āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻ…āϏীāĻŽ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞāϤাāϰ āϏাāĻŽিāϞ āĻšāĻŦে। āφāĻŽি āĻŽāύে āĻ•āϰি, āĻāχ āϘāϟāύা⧟ āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻāϤ্āϤো āϭ⧜āĻ•ে āϝাāĻŦাāϰ āĻ•িāĻ›ু āύেāχ। āĻŦāϰং āĻ āϘāϟāύাāϟি āĻļাāĻĒে āĻŦāϰ āĻšāϤে āĻĒাāϰে।

āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞāϤাāĻ—ুāϞো āĻ•্āϰāĻŽāĻļ āĻ•āĻŽি⧟ে āϜāύāĻ—āĻŖেāϰ āĻĒāĻ•্āώে āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻļāĻ•্āϤিāĻļাāϞী āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻ­িāϤ āĻ—ā§œে āϤোāϞাāϏāĻš āĻĻুāϰ্āύীāϤিāĻŽুāĻ•্āϤ āϜāĻŦাāĻŦāĻĻিāĻšিāĻŽূāϞāĻ• āĻļাāϏāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা, āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤāĻŦুāĻĻ্āϧি āϚāϰ্āϚা āĻ“ āĻ—āĻŖāϤাāύ্āϤ্āϰিāĻ• āϚāϰ্āϚাāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ•ীāĻ­াāĻŦে āϏāĻŽুāύ্āύāϤ āĻ•āϰা āϝা⧟ āϤাāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϏāϚেāώ্āϟ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ। āύিāϜেāϰ āĻĒা⧟ে āĻĻাঁ⧜াāύোāϰ āϏāĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤা āĻ…āϰ্āϜāύ āĻ āĻŽুāĻšূāϰ্āϤে āφāĻŽাāĻĻেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϏāĻŦāϚে⧟ে āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰি। 

āĻŽূāϞ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦāύ্āϧেāϰ āϞিংāĻ• : http://m.banglanews24.com/opinion/news/bd/125623.details 

* āφāĻšāĻŽেāĻĻ āϏ্āĻŦāĻĒāύ āĻŽাāĻšāĻŽুāĻĻ, āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāĻšী āĻĒāϰিāϚাāϞāĻ•, āϭ⧟েāϏ

āĻāφāχāφāχāĻŦি’āϰ āĻ‹āĻŖ : āĻ•ী āĻšāĻŦে āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ?

āĻšাāϏাāύ āĻŽেāĻšেāĻĻী
(āχāϤোāĻĒূāϰ্āĻŦে āĻĻৈāύিāĻ• āϏāĻŽāĻ•াāϞে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•াāĻļিāϤ)
--------------------------
āĻĻীāϰ্āϘāĻĻিāύ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒāĻ• āφāϞোāϚāύা, āϏāĻŽাāϞোāϚāύা, āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āϰাāϜāύীāϤিāϤে āϚাāĻĒাāύ-āωāϤোāϰ āϚāϞাāϰ āĻĒāϰ āϏāϤ্āϝি āϏāϤ্āϝিāχ āϚাāϞু āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ—েāϞ āĻāĻļী⧟ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽো āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ— āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• (āĻāφāχāφāχāĻŦি)। āĻļুāϧু āϚাāϞু āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿাāχ āύ⧟, āχāϤোāĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•āϟি āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻāĻ•āĻ—ুāϚ্āĻ› āĻ‹āĻŖ āĻĻি⧟েāĻ“ āĻĢেāϞেāĻ›ে। āχāύ্āĻĻোāύেāĻļি⧟া, āĻĒাāĻ•িāϏ্āϤাāύ āĻ“ āϤাāϜিāĻ•িāϏ্āϤাāύেāϰ āϏাāĻĨে āϏাāĻĨে āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļāĻ“ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ‹āĻŖ āĻĒে⧟েāĻ›ে। āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝুā§Ž āĻĒāϰিāϏāĻž্āϚাāϞāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻšাāϞāύাāĻ—াāĻĻিāĻ•āϰāĻŖ āĻ“ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāϏাāϰāĻŖ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ (āĻŦিāĻĄিāĻāϏāχāωāĻĒি) āύাāĻŽেāϰ āĻ āĻ‹āĻŖāϟিāϰ āφāĻ“āϤা⧟ āϰাāϜāϧাāύীāϰ āĻŦāϏুāύ্āϧāϰা āϏিāϟি āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϟāĻ™্āĻ—ী āĻĒāϰ‌্āϝāύ্āϤ ā§Žā§Ģ āĻ•িāϞোāĻŽিāϟাāϰ āĻ­ূāĻ—āϰ্āĻ­āϏ্āĻĨ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝুā§Ž āϏāĻž্āϚাāϞāύ āϞাāχāύ āϏ্āĻĨাāĻĒāύ, āĻĻুāϟি āϏাāĻŦ-āϏ্āϟেāĻļāύ āφāϧুāύিāĻ•া⧟āύ āĻāĻŦং āĻĒāϞ্āϞী āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝুāϤা⧟āύ āĻŦোāϰ্āĻĄেāϰ āφāĻ“āϤাāϧীāύ āĻāϞাāĻ•াāϏāĻŽূāĻšে ⧍ā§Ģ āϞাāĻ– āύāϤুāύ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝুā§Ž āϏংāϝোāĻ— āĻĻে⧟া āĻšāĻŦে। 

āĻāφāχāφāχāĻŦি āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāϰ āĻĒেāĻ›āύে āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āĻ­ূāĻŽিāĻ•া⧟ āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে āϏāĻŽাāϜāϤাāύ্āϤ্āϰিāĻ• āϚীāύ। āĻāĻ• āϏāĻŽā§Ÿে āϚāϰāĻŽ āĻĻাāϰিāĻĻ্āϰ্āϝে āύিāĻĒāϤিāϤ āϚীāύ āĻŦিāĻ—āϤ āϤিāύ āĻĻāĻļāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤিāϤে āĻŽāĻšাāĻĒāϰাāĻ•্āϰāĻŽāĻļাāϞী āĻšā§Ÿে āωāĻ েāĻ›ে। ā§§ā§¯ā§Žā§Ļ’āϰ āĻĻāĻļāĻ• āĻĨেāĻ•ে ‘āϏāĻŽাāϜāϤাāύ্āϤ্āϰিāĻ•’ āϚীāύেāϰ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āφāϰ ‘āϏāĻŽাāϜāϤাāύ্āϤ্āϰিāĻ•’ āĻĨাāĻ•েāύি। āφāĻ­্āϝāύ্āϤāϰীāĻŖ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤি āωāĻĻাāϰীāĻ•āϰāĻŖ, āϰāĻĒ্āϤাāύি āĻŦৃāĻĻ্āϧিāϰ āϧাāϰাāĻŦাāĻšিāĻ•āϤা āĻ“ āϰাāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āϏ্āĻĨিāϤিāĻļীāϞāϤা āϚীāύāĻ•ে āĻĻি⧟েāĻ›ে āĻŦিāϰাāϟ āĻŦৈāĻĻেāĻļিāĻ• āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰাāϰ āϰিāϜাāϰ্āĻ­ āϝা āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāϰ āϏāϰ্āĻŦোāϚ্āϚ। āĻ…āĻ™্āĻ•āϟা ā§Š āϞাāĻ– ā§Šā§Ļ āĻšাāϜাāϰ ā§Ģā§Ļā§Ļ āĻ•োāϟি āĻĄāϞাāϰ। āĻĻ্āĻŦিāϤী⧟ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύে āĻĨাāĻ•া āϜাāĻĒাāύেāϰ āϤুāϞāύা⧟ āĻāϟা āĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻ—ুāĻŖেāϰāĻ“ āĻŦেāĻļি āĻāĻŦং āχāωāϰোāĻĒী⧟ āχāωāύি⧟āύেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰা⧟ āĻĒাঁāϚāĻ—ুāĻŖ। āχāϤোāĻŽāϧ্āϝে āĻŦৈāĻĻেāĻļিāĻ• āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰাāϰ āϰিāϜাāϰ্āĻ­ে āϰাāĻļি⧟া āώāώ্āĻ , āĻ­াāϰāϤ āĻ…āώ্āϟāĻŽ āĻ“ āĻŦ্āϰাāϜিāϞ āύāĻŦāĻŽ āϏ্āĻĨাāύে āĻĒৌঁāĻ›ে āĻ—েāĻ›ে। 

āĻŽāϧ্āϝ āĻ†ā§Ÿেāϰ āĻĻেāĻļ āĻšāϞেāĻ“ āφāĻ­্āϝāύ্āϤāϰীāĻŖ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤিāϰ āφāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻŦৈāĻĻেāĻļিāĻ• āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰাāϰ āϰিāϜাāϰ্āĻ­ āĻāϏāĻŦ āĻĻেāĻļāĻ•ে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύীāϤিāϰ āĻ…āύ্āϝāϤāĻŽ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦāĻ• āĻšিāĻļেāĻŦে āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে। āĻāĻĻেāϰ āĻŦিāĻĒুāϞ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ āĻŦৈāĻĻেāĻļিāĻ• āĻŽুāĻĻ্āϰা āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ— āĻ•āϰাāϰ āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻŦাāϜাāϰ āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰ, āϤেāĻŽāύি āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āφāϰ্āĻĨāϰাāϜāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤা⧟ āϤাāϰা āύিāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύāĻ“ āϚা⧟। āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āφāϰ্āĻĨিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāϰ āĻŦāύেāĻĻি āĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰ āĻšāϞো āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āĻ“ āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āϤāĻšāĻŦিāϞ (āφāχāĻāĻŽāĻāĻĢ)। āĻāĻ›া⧜া āĻāĻļী⧟-āĻĒ্āϰāĻļাāύ্āϤ āĻŽāĻšাāϏাāĻ—āϰী⧟ āĻ…āĻž্āϚāϞেāϰ āφāϰ্āĻĨিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āύি⧟āύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻļী⧟ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• (āĻāĻĄিāĻŦি)। āĻĒāϰিāĻŦāϰ্āϤিāϤ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āĻ•্āώāĻŽāϤাāϰ āĻ…āύুāĻĒাāϤে āĻāϏāĻŦ āĻŦāύেāĻĻি āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāĻ—ুāϞোāϤে āύāĻŦ্āϝāϧāύীāϰা āύিāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύ āĻ•āϰে āύিāϤে āϚে⧟েāĻ›িāϞো। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāĻ—ুāϞো āύি⧟āύ্āϤ্āϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে āĻŽাāϰ্āĻ•িāύ āϝুāĻ•্āϤāϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰ, āχāωāϰোāĻĒী⧟ āχāωāύি⧟āύ āĻŦা āϜাāĻĒাāύ। ⧍ā§Ļā§Ļā§Ļ āϏাāϞেāϰ āĻĒāϰ āĻ•ā§ŸেāĻ•āĻŦাāϰ āĻ…āύুāϰোāϧ āϜাāύাāϞেāĻ“ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•, āφāχāĻāĻŽāĻāĻĢ āĻ“ āĻāĻĄিāĻŦিāϤে āϚীāύ āĻŦা āĻ­াāϰāϤেāϰ āĻļে⧟াāϰেāϰ āϏংāĻ–্āϝা āĻŦা⧜াāϤে āϰাāϜি āĻšā§Ÿāύি āύি⧟āύ্āϤ্āϰāĻ• āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāϞো। 

āϤাāχ āĻ…āĻŦāĻļেāώে āϤৈāϰি āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāϞো āύāϤুāύ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•। āĻ…āĻ—্āϰāϏāϰ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύāĻļীāϞ āĻĻেāĻļ āĻŦ্āϰাāϜিāϞ, āϰাāĻļি⧟া, āĻ­াāϰāϤ, āϚীāύ āĻ“ āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖ āφāĻĢ্āϰিāĻ•াāϰ āϝৌāĻĨ āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ—ে āĻ—āĻ িāϤ āĻšāϞো āĻŦ্āϰিāĻ•āϏ āύিāω āĻĄেāĻ­েāϞāĻĒāĻŽেāύ্āϟ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āĻŦা āĻŦ্āϰিāĻ•āϏ āĻāύāĻĄিāĻŦি। āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖāĻ•াāϰী āĻĒাঁāϚāϟি āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āύাāĻŽেāϰ āφāĻĻ্āϝāĻ•্āώāϰ āϝুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰেāχ āϤৈāϰি āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে āĻŦ্āϰিāĻ•āϏ্ āĻļāĻŦ্āĻĻāϟি। āĻŦ্āϰিāĻ•āϏ্ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻŽাāϧ্āϝāĻŽে āĻĒāϰāϏ্āĻĒāϰেāϰ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤ āĻ•āϰাāϰ āωāĻĻ্āϝোāĻ— āύে⧟া āĻšāϞেāĻ“ āϚীāύা āĻĒুঁāϜিāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āĻ…ংāĻļ āĻĒ⧜ে āϰāχāϞো āĻ…āϞāϏ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা⧟। āĻŽাāϰ্āĻ•িāύ āϝুāĻ•্āϤāϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰ āĻ“ āχāωāϰোāĻĒী⧟ āχāωāύি⧟āύেāϰ āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰী⧟ āĻŦāύ্āĻĄ āĻ•্āϰ⧟, āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāϜু⧜ে āĻĒাঁāϚ āĻšাāϜাāϰেāϰāĻ“ āĻŦেāĻļি āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ āĻāĻŦং āϚীāύা āĻŦেāϏāϰāĻ•াāϰি āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ— āĻ•āϰেāĻ“ āĻ…āϞāϏ āϟাāĻ•া āĻ•āĻŽাāύো āϝাāϚ্āĻ›িāϞো āύা। āĻāĻĻিāĻ•ে ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§§ āϏাāϞে āĻāĻĄিāĻŦি āĻāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰাāĻ•্āĻ•āϞāύে āϜাāύাāϞো āϝে āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽো āωāύ্āύ⧟āύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻāĻļি⧟া⧟ ā§Ž āϟ্āϰিāϞি⧟āύ (āϞাāĻ– āĻ•োāϟি) āĻĄāϞাāϰ āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰ। āϏেāχ āϏুāϝোāĻ—āϟা āύি⧟েāχ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ē āϏাāϞে āĻŦো⧟াāĻ“ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽেāϞāύে āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āĻšāϞো āĻāĻļি⧟াāϰ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽো āωāύ্āύ⧟āύে āĻ—āĻ িāϤ āĻšāĻŦে āύāϤুāύ āĻŦāĻšুāĻĒাāĻ•্āώিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•। 

āĻ“ā§ŸাāĻļিংāϟāύ āĻ“ āϟোāĻ•িāĻ“ āĻŦাāϧা āĻĻে⧟াāϰ āϚেāώ্āϟা āĻ•āϰāϞেāĻ“ āϤাāĻĻেāϰ āĻŽিāϤ্āϰāĻĻেāĻļāϏāĻš ā§Ģā§­āϟি āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻ…ংāĻļāĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖে ⧍ā§Ģ āĻĄিāϏেāĻŽ্āĻŦāϰ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ģ āϏৃāώ্āϟি āĻšāϞো āύāϤুāύ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•, āĻāφāχāφāχāĻŦি। āĻ āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ ā§Šā§­āϟি āĻāĻļী⧟, ā§§ā§­āϟি āχāωāϰোāĻĒী⧟, ⧍āϟি āφāĻĢ্āϰিāĻ•াāύ āĻāĻŦং ā§§āϟি āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖ āφāĻŽেāϰিāĻ•াāύ āĻĻেāĻļ। āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āϝেāĻŽāύ āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāĻĻেāϰ āĻĒাāϰ্āĻĨāĻ•্āϝ āφāĻ›ে āϤেāĻŽāύি āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰেāĻ“ āφāĻ›ে āĻŦিāϰাāϟ āĻĢাāϰাāĻ•। āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝ āĻĻেāĻļ āϞুāĻ•্āϏেāĻŽāĻŦাāϰ্āĻ—েāϰ āĻŦাāϰ্āώিāĻ• āĻ—ā§œ āĻŽাāĻĨাāĻĒিāĻ›ু āĻ†ā§Ÿ ā§§ āϞাāĻ– ā§§ā§Ž āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻĄāϞাāϰ āϝা āύেāĻĒাāϞেāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻŽাāϤ্āϰ ā§­ā§Ļā§Ļ āĻĄāϞাāϰ। āφāĻŦাāϰ āύāϰāĻ“ā§Ÿে āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻĒāϰিāϏেāĻŦাāϰ āύিāϰিāĻ–ে āϏাāϰা āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āĻŦāϏ্āĻĨাāύে āφāϰ āĻŦাāϰ্āĻŽা (āĻŽা⧟াāύāĻŽাāϰ) āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āĻĒāϰিāϏেāĻŦাāϰ āĻĻিāĻ• āĻĻি⧟ে ⧧⧧⧝āϤāĻŽ āϏ্āĻĨাāύে। ‘āϏāĻŽাāϜāϤাāύ্āϤ্āϰিāĻ•’ āϚীāύেāϰ āύেāϤৃāϤ্āĻŦে āĻ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻŦāϞে āĻ…āύেāĻ•েāχ āφāĻļা āĻ•āϰেāĻ›িāϞেāύ āĻāφāχāφāχāĻŦিāϤে ‘āĻāĻ• āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ• āĻ­োāϟ’ āύীāϤি āĻ…āύুāϏāϰāĻŖ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āϤা āĻšā§Ÿāύি, āĻĒুঁāϜিāϞāĻ—্āύিāĻ•াāϰী āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻŦāĻšুāϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻŽāϤো āĻāĻ–াāύেāĻ“ āĻļে⧟াāϰেāϰ āĻŦিāĻĒāϰীāϤে āĻ­োāϟাāϧিāĻ•াāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻĻাāύ āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। 

āύāϤুāύ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āĻāφāχāφāχāĻŦি āϝেāĻšেāϤু āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽো āωāύ্āύ⧟āύে āĻ—ুāϰুāϤ্āĻŦ āĻĻিāϚ্āĻ›ে āϏেāĻšেāϤু āϧাāϰāύা āĻ•āϰাāχ āϝা⧟ āϝে āϏ্āĻŦāϞ্āĻĒোāύ্āύāϤ āĻ“ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύāĻļীāϞ āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•েāχ āĻāϰ āĻŦা⧜āϤি āύāϜāϰ āĻĨাāĻ•āĻŦে। āĻĒ্āϰāĻĨāĻŽ āĻ…āύুāĻŽোāĻĻিāϤ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ‹āĻŖāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻĻিāĻ•ে āϤাāĻ•াāϞেāĻ“ āĻāϟা āϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻ“āĻ ে। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āφāĻļāĻ™্āĻ•াāϰ āϜা⧟āĻ—া āĻšāϞো, āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļāϏāĻš āĻāϏāĻŦ āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āĻ“ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āϏুāϰāĻ•্āώা-āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āĻ…āϤ্āϝāύ্āϤ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞ। āĻ•োāύো āĻ•োāύো āĻĻেāĻļে āϏুāϰāĻ•্āώা āĻŦিāώ⧟āĻ• āφāχāύি āĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽো āĻĨাāĻ•āϞেāĻ“ āĻ•āĻĻাāϚিā§Ž āϤাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāĻ— āĻšā§Ÿ। āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāϜু⧜ে āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āĻ…āϧিāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āϤো⧟াāĻ•্āĻ•া āύা āĻ•āϰা āĻāĻŦং āĻĻুāώāĻŖেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āϚীāύা āϰাāώ্āϟ্āϰী⧟ āĻ“ āĻŦেāϏāϰāĻ•াāϰি āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύিāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻŦিāϰুāĻĻ্āϧে āϏুāϏ্āĻĒāώ্āϟ āĻ…āĻ­িāϝোāĻ—ে āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে। āĻĒৃāĻĨিāĻŦীāĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒী, āĻŦিāĻļেāώ āĻ•āϰে āĻāĻļি⧟া āĻ“ āφāĻĢ্āϰিāĻ•াāϰ āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāϞোāϤে, āϚীāύা āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύিāĻ—ুāϞো āϏ⧜āĻ•, āϏেāϤু āĻ“ āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝুā§ŽāĻ•েāύ্āĻĻ্āϰেāϰ āĻŽāϤো āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽো āύিāϰ্āĻŽাāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāĻ›ে āϝাāϰ āĻĢāϞে āĻŦিāĻĒুāϞ āϏংāĻ–্āϝāĻ• āϜāύāĻ—োāώ্āĻ ী āĻŦাāϏ্āϤুāϚ্āϝুāϤিāϰ āĻļিāĻ•াāϰ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻŦাāϏ্āϤুāϚ্āϝুāϤ āϜāύāĻ—োāώ্āĻ ীāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āφāĻĻিāĻŦাāϏীāĻĻেāϰ āϏংāĻ–্āϝাāχ āĻŦেāĻļি। 

āϏৌāĻ­াāĻ—্āϝেāϰ āĻŦ্āϝাāĻĒাāϰ āĻšāϞো āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāϤি āĻĒাāĻļ āĻšāĻ“ā§Ÿা ‘āĻāĻļি⧟াāύ āχāύāĻĢ্āϰাāϏ্āϟ্āϰাāĻ•āϚাāϰ āχāύāĻ­েāϏ্āϟāĻŽেāύ্āϟ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āφāχāύ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ’āϤে āĻāφāχāφāχāĻŦিāĻ•ে āĻĻা⧟āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤি (āχāύāĻĄেāĻŽāύিāϟি) āĻĻে⧟া āĻšā§Ÿāύি। āĻāĻ–āύ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āĻāĻļী⧟ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• (āĻāĻĄিāĻŦি)’āϰāχ āĻĻা⧟āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤি āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে। āĻĻা⧟āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤি āύেāχ āĻŦāϞেāχ āϏāĻŽ্āĻ­āĻŦāϤ āĻāφāχāφāχāĻŦিāĻ“ āĻāĻ•āϟু āύিāϰাāĻĒāĻĻ āĻĒāĻĨে āĻšাঁāϟāϤে āϚাāχāĻ›ে। āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āĻŦāϰাāĻĻ্āĻĻāĻ•ৃāϤ āĻ‹āĻŖেāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāϟি āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝুā§Ž āĻĒāϰিāϏāĻž্āϚাāϞāύ-āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāϏ্āĻĨা āϏāĻŽ্āĻĒāϰ্āĻ•িāϤ। ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ļ āϏাāϞে āϜাāϤী⧟ āϏংāϏāĻĻে āĻ—ৃāĻšীāϤ āĻāĻ• āφāχāύাāύুāϏাāϰে āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļে āĻŦিāĻĻ্āϝুā§Ž āϏংāĻ•্āϰাāύ্āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻŦৈāϧāϤা āϚ্āϝাāϞেāĻž্āϜ āĻ•āϰে āφāĻĻাāϞāϤে āĻ•োāύো āĻŽাāĻŽāϞা āĻ•āϰা āϝাāĻŦে āύা। āĻāφāχāφāχāĻŦি āϏেāχ āϏুāϝোāĻ—āϟাāχ āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে। āĻ…āύ্āϝাāύ্āϝ āĻĻেāĻļেāĻ“ āϝে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāĻ—ুāϞো āĻāφāχāφāχāĻŦি’āϰ āĻ‹āĻŖে āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟āύ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āϤাāϰ āϏāĻŦāĻ—ুāϞোāχ āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•, āχāωāϰোāĻĒী⧟ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āĻŦা āĻāĻĄিāĻŦি’āϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āϝৌāĻĨāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨা⧟āύ āĻ•āϰা āĻšāϚ্āĻ›ে āϝাāϤে āϏুāϰāĻ•্āώা āύীāϤিāĻŽাāϞাāϰ āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āĻŦৈāϧāϤাāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻļ্āύেāĻ“ āĻāφāχāφāχāĻŦি āĻ•োāύো āĻŦিāϤāϰ্āĻ•েāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে āύা āĻĒ⧜ে। 

āĻāφāχāφāχāĻŦিāϤে āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻ›া⧜াāĻ“ āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖ āĻāĻļি⧟াāϰ āĻ­াāϰāϤ, āύেāĻĒাāϞ, āĻĒাāĻ•িāϏ্āϤাāύ āĻ“ āĻļ্āϰীāϞāĻ™্āĻ•া āϏāĻĻāϏ্āϝāĻĒāĻĻ āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰেāĻ›ে। āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•āϟিāϤে āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖ āĻāĻļি⧟াāϰ āϏāĻŽ্āĻŽিāϞিāϤ āĻ­োāϟ ā§Ŧ.ā§Žā§¨ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻāĻŦং āϏেāĻ–াāύে āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻ­োāϟ ā§Ļ.ā§Ŧā§Š āĻļāϤাংāĻļ। āĻ…āύ্āϝāĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ āϚীāύেāϰ āĻ­োāϟ ⧍ā§Ŧ.ā§Ŧ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āĻāĻŦং āϚীāύāϏāĻš āĻ­াāϰāϤ, āϰাāĻļি⧟া, āϜাāϰ্āĻŽাāύি, āĻĻāĻ•্āώিāĻŖ āĻ•োāϰি⧟া, āĻ…āϏ্āϟ্āϰেāϞি⧟া āĻ“ āĻĢ্āϰাāύ্āϏ āĻāĻ•āϤ্āϰিāϤ āĻšā§Ÿে āϝে āĻ•োāύো āϏিāĻĻ্āϧাāύ্āϤ āύিāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āĻ•েāύāύা āĻāχ āϏাāϤāϟি āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻ­োāϟ ā§Ģ⧍ āĻļāϤাংāĻļ āϝা āĻŦাāĻ•ি āĻĒāĻž্āϚাāĻļāϟি āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϤুāϞāύা⧟ āĻŦেāĻļি। āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻĻিāĻ•ে, āĻ•āĻŽ্āĻŦোāĻĄি⧟া, āϜāϰ্āϜি⧟া, āϞাāĻ“āϏ, āϤাāϜিāĻ•িāϏ্āϤাāύ, āĻŽাāϞ্āϟা āĻŦা āĻŽাāϞāĻĻ্āĻŦীāĻĒেāϰ āĻŽāϤো ⧍ā§Ļāϟি āĻĻেāĻļ āĻāĻ•āϤ্āϰিāϤ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ“ āύিāϜāϏ্āĻŦ āĻŽāϤাāĻŽāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻĒাāϰāĻŦে āύা। āĻ āĻļāĻ™্āĻ•া āφāϰো āĻŦা⧜ি⧟ে āĻĻি⧟েāĻ›ে āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•āϟিāϰ ‘āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻ—āϤ āĻ“ āϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āĻĢ্āϰেāĻŽāĻ“ā§Ÿাāϰ্āĻ•’ āĻŦা āχāĻāϏāĻāĻĢ। āĻ āύীāϤিāĻŽাāϞা āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āφāχāύ āĻ“ āύীāϤিāĻŽাāϞা āϤো āĻŦāϟেāχ, āĻāĻĄিāĻŦি āĻŦা āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āϏংāĻļ্āϞিāώ্āϟ āύীāϤিāĻŽাāϞাāϰ āϚে⧟েāĻ“ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞ। 

āϏংāĻļ্āϞিāώ্āϟ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāϟি āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āφāχāύাāύুāϝা⧟ী ‘āϞাāϞ’ āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖিāĻ­ূāĻ•্āϤ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ ‘āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻ—āϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ­াāĻŦ āύিāϰীāĻ•্āώা’ āĻ“ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ…āϧিāĻĻāĻĒ্āϤāϰেāϰ āĻ›া⧜āĻĒāϤ্āϰ āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ। āĻ…āĻĒāϰāĻĻিāĻ•ে āχāĻāϏāĻāĻĢ āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰে āĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ ‘āĻŦি’ āĻļ্āϰেāĻŖিāĻ­ূāĻ•্āϤ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨাā§Ž āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟āύে āĻļুāϧুāĻŽাāϤ্āϰ ‘āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĨāĻŽিāĻ• āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āϏāĻŽীāĻ•্āώা’āχ āϝāĻĨেāώ্āĻ । āχāĻāϏāĻāĻĢ āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰে, āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āĻĢāϞে āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļāĻ—āϤ āĻŽাāύ āĻŦা āĻŽাāύāĻŦাāϧিāĻ•াāϰ āϞāĻ™্āϘāύেāϰ āϘāϟāύা āϘāϟāϞে āĻāφāχāφāχāĻŦি āĻ•āϰ্āϤৃāĻĒāĻ•্āώ āϏংāĻļ্āϞিāώ্āϟ āϜাāϤী⧟ āĻ•āϰ্āϤৃāĻĒāĻ•্āώেāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āφāϞোāϚāύা āĻ•āϰāĻŦে। āĻāĻ•āχ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āĻŦা āĻāĻĄিāĻŦি’āϰ ‘āϏুāϰāĻ•্āώা āύীāϤিāĻŽাāϞা’ āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰে āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻ—্āϰāϏ্āĻĨ āϜāύāϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāĻ•ে āĻ•্āώāϤিāĻĒূāϰāĻŖ āĻĻে⧟া āĻŦা āϏংāĻļ্āϞিāώ্āϟ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ āĻŦāύ্āϧ āĻ•āϰে āĻĻে⧟াāϰ āĻŦিāϧাāύ āϰ⧟েāĻ›ে, āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āϤা āϏāĻŦ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿ āĻŽাāύা āĻšā§Ÿ āύা। āĻāĻ›া⧜া āĻāφāχāφāχāĻŦি āĻ•āϰ্āϤৃāĻĒāĻ•্āώেāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āφāϞোāϚāύা⧟ āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āϏāĻŽাāϜেāϰ āϏুāϝোāĻ—āĻ“ āύেāχ āĻŦāϞāϞেāχ āϚāϞে। āĻ—āϤāĻŽাāϏে (āϜুāύ ⧍ā§Ļā§§ā§Ŧ) āĻ…āύুāώ্āĻ িāϤ āĻŦাāϰ্āώিāĻ• āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖ āϏāĻ­া⧟ āĻŦাāĻ›াāχāĻ•ৃāϤ āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāύিāϧি āĻŦ্āϝāϤিāϤ āĻĒ্āϰāĻŦেāĻļাāϧিāĻ•াāϰ āĻ›িāϞো āϭ⧟াāĻŦāĻšāϰāĻ•āĻŽ āϏীāĻŽাāĻŦāĻĻ্āϧ। 

āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ“ āĻŽাāύāĻŦাāϧিāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āϚীāύা āĻ•োāĻŽ্āĻĒাāύিāϰ āĻ•ুāĻ–্āϝাāϤি, āύাāĻ—āϰিāĻ• āĻŽāϤাāĻŽāϤ āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖে āϚীāύেāϰ āĻ•āϰ্āϤৃāĻĒāĻ•্āώেāϰ āĻ…āϏāĻšিāώ্āĻŖুāϤা āĻāĻŦং āϏ্āĻŦāϞ্āĻĒোāύ্āύāϤ āĻ“ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύāĻļীāϞ āĻĻেāĻļāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞ āφāχāύি āĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽোāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে āĻāφāχāφāχāĻŦিāϰ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒāĻ—ুāϞো āĻĻুāϰ্āĻŦāϞ āĻ“ āĻĒ্āϰাāύ্āϤিāĻ• āϜāύāĻ—োāώ্āĻ ীāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻĒী⧜াāĻĻা⧟āĻ• āĻšā§Ÿে āωāĻ āϤে āĻĒাāϰে। āĻŦিāĻĄিāĻāϏāχāωāĻĒি āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āύāĻĨিāϤে āĻ•োāύো āĻŦাāϏ্āϤুāϚ্āϝুāϤিāϰ āϘāϟāύা āωāϞ্āϞেāĻ– āĻ•āϰা āĻšā§Ÿāύি, āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āĻĢুāϟāĻĒাāĻĨেāϰ āĻšāĻ•াāϰ āĻ“ āĻ…āϏ্āĻĨা⧟ী āĻĻোāĻ•াāύāϏāĻš āĻĒ্āϰা⧟ ⧍ āĻšাāϜাāϰ āĻŽাāύুāώ āĻ āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒেāϰ āĻ•াāϰāĻŖে āύিāĻļ্āϚিāϤāĻ­াāĻŦে āĻ•্āώāϤিāϰ āĻļিāĻ•াāϰ āĻšāĻŦে। 

āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āφāϰ্āĻĨāϏাāĻŽাāϜিāĻ• āωāύ্āύ⧟āύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻ…āĻŦāĻ•াāĻ াāĻŽোāĻ—āϤ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύ āϜāϰুāϰি। āϏেāϜāύ্āϝ āφāĻ­্āϝāύ্āϤāϰীāĻŖ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏেāϰ āĻĒাāĻļাāĻĒাāĻļি āφāύ্āϤāϰ্āϜাāϤিāĻ• āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰ āĻĨেāĻ•েāĻ“ āĻ‹āĻŖ āĻ—্āϰāĻšāĻŖ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšā§Ÿ। āϏেāĻĻিāĻ• āĻĻি⧟ে āĻāφāχāφāχāĻŦি āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻŦৈāĻĻেāĻļিāĻ• āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨা⧟āύেāϰ āĻāĻ•āϟি āύāϤুāύ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ āĻšিāĻļেāĻŦে āφāĻŦিāϰ্āĻ­ূāϤ āĻšā§ŸেāĻ›ে। āĻāϟা āĻāĻ•āĻĻিāĻ• āĻĻি⧟ে āĻŽāύ্āĻĻেāϰ āĻ­াāϞো। āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ āĻ‹āĻŖ, āĻĒāϰিāϏেāĻŦা āĻ‹āĻŖ āĻ“ āĻĻ্āĻŦিāĻĒাāĻ•্āώিāĻ• āĻ‹āĻŖেāϰ āϚে⧟ে āĻŦāĻšুāĻĒাāĻ•্āώিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύāĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āϏুāĻĻেāϰ āĻšাāϰ āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻ•āĻŽ āϤেāĻŽāύি āĻĒāϰিāĻļোāϧেāϰ āĻŽে⧟াāĻĻ āĻ“ āĻļāϰ্āϤাāĻŦāϞীāĻ“ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāϟা āĻļিāĻĨিāϞ āĻĨাāĻ•ে। āĻ‹āĻŖেāϰ āύāϤুāύ āĻ‰ā§ŽāϏ āĻĒাāĻ“ā§Ÿা āĻ—েāϞে āφāĻ­্āϝāύ্āϤāϰীāĻŖ āφāϰ্āĻĨিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāώ্āĻ াāύ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āύে⧟া āĻ‹āĻŖেāϰ āϚাāĻĒāĻ“ āĻ•িāĻ›ুāϟা āĻ•āĻŽāĻŦে। āĻāϤে āĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āφāĻ­্āϝāύ্āϤāϰীāĻŖ āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ—েāϰ āĻšাāϰ āĻŦা⧜āϤে āĻĒাāϰে āϝāĻĻিāĻ“ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āϏাāĻŽ্āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻ• āĻĒ্āϰāϤিāĻŦেāĻĻāύ āĻ…āύুāϏাāϰে āĻŦিāύি⧟োāĻ—েāϰ āϤুāϞāύা⧟ āĻ­োāĻ—āĻ–াāϤে āĻ‹āĻŖেāϰ āĻĒāϰিāĻŽাāĻŖ āφāĻļāĻ™্āĻ•াāϜāύāĻ• āĻšাāϰে āĻŦা⧜āĻ›ে। 

āϏাāϧাāϰāĻŖāϤ āĻŦāĻšুāĻĒাāĻ•্āώিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āĻāĻĄিāĻŦি āĻŦা āĻŦিāĻļ্āĻŦāĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•েāϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦা⧟āύ āϏāĻŽā§Ÿে āĻ‹āĻŖেāϰ āĻ•োāύো āϏুāĻĻ āĻĻিāϤে āĻšā§Ÿ āύা। āĻ•িāύ্āϤু āĻāφāχāφāχāĻŦি’āϰ āĻ•্āώেāϤ্āϰে āĻĒ্āϰāĻ•āϞ্āĻĒ āĻŦাāϏ্āϤāĻŦাāύāĻ•াāϞেāĻ“ āĻŦাāϰ্āώিāĻ• āĻļāϤāĻ•āϰা ā§§.ā§§ā§Ģ āĻšাāϰে āϏাāϰ্āĻ­িāϏ āϚাāϰ্āϜ āĻŦা āϏুāĻĻ āĻĒāϰিāĻļোāϧ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻĢāϞে āĻ āĻ‹āĻŖ āĻĨেāĻ•ে āĻĒ্āϰাāĻĒ্āϤ āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰে āĻ…āϰ্āĻĨāύৈāϤিāĻ• āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āĻĒাāĻŦাāϰ āφāĻ—েāχ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•āϟিāĻ•ে āϏুāĻŦিāϧা āĻĻি⧟ে āϝেāϤে āĻšāĻŦে। āĻ…āύ্āϝāĻĻিāĻ•ে āĻŦāύেāĻĻি āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•āĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āĻ‹āĻŖ āĻĒāϰিāĻļোāϧেāϰ āĻŽে⧟াāĻĻ ā§Šā§Ļ-ā§Ēā§Ļ āĻŦāĻ›āϰ āĻšāϞেāĻ“ āĻāφāχāφāχāĻŦি’āϰ āĻ‹āĻŖ āĻļোāϧ āĻ•āϰāϤে āĻšāĻŦে ⧍ā§Ļ āĻŦāĻ›āϰেāϰ āĻŽāϧ্āϝে। āĻāĻŽāύিāϤেāχ āĻŦৈāĻĻেāĻļিāĻ• āĻ‹āĻŖেāϰ āĻ•িāϏ্āϤি āĻ“ āϏুāĻĻāĻ–াāϤ āϜাāϤী⧟ āĻŦাāϜেāϟেāϰ āĻāĻ•āĻ• āϏāϰ্āĻŦোāϚ্āϚ āĻ–াāϤ āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĻাঁ⧜ি⧟েāĻ›ে। āϏুāϤāϰাং āύāϤুāύ āĻāχ āĻ‹āĻŖ āϜাāϤী⧟ āĻŦাāϜেāϟেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āύāϤুāύ āĻŦোāĻা āĻšā§Ÿে āĻĻাঁ⧜াāĻŦে। 

āϤাāχ āωāύ্āύ⧟āύেāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻāĻĄিāĻŦিāϏāĻš āϏāύাāϤāύী āĻŦāĻšুāĻĒাāĻ•্āώিāĻ• āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ•āĻ—ুāϞোāϰ āϏāĻ™্āĻ—ে āĻĻāϰ āĻ•āώাāĻ•āώিāϰ āϜāύ্āϝ āĻāφāχāφāχāĻŦি’āϰ āϏুāϝোāĻ—āϟা āϝেāĻŽāύ āĻŦ্āϝāĻŦāĻšাāϰ āĻ•āϰা āωāϚিā§Ž āϤেāĻŽāύি āύāϤুāύ āĻāχ āĻŦ্āϝাংāĻ• āϝেāύ āĻŦাংāϞাāĻĻেāĻļেāϰ āωāĻĒāϰ āĻ‹āĻŖ āĻ“ āϏুāĻĻেāϰ āĻ…āϤিāϰিāĻ•্āϤ āĻŦোāĻা āϚাāĻĒি⧟ে āύা āĻĻিāϤে āĻĒাāϰে āϏেāϜāύ্āϝ āϏāϤāϰ্āĻ• āĻĨাāĻ•া āĻĻāϰāĻ•াāϰ। āĻ āĻŦিāώ⧟ে āϏāϰāĻ•াāϰেāϰ āĻ•ৌāĻļāϞāĻ“ āωāύ্āĻŽুāĻ•্āϤ āĻ•āϰা āĻĒ্āϰ⧟োāϜāύ।
 
āĻšাāϏাāύ āĻŽেāĻšেāĻĻী, āĻĒ্āϰāϧাāύ āύিāϰ্āĻŦাāĻšী, āωāĻĒāĻ•ূāϞী⧟ āϜীāĻŦāύāϝাāϤ্āϰা āĻ“ āĻĒāϰিāĻŦেāĻļ āĻ•āϰ্āĻŽāϜোāϟ (āĻ•্āϞিāύ)